Probability
Outcome of one trial does not influence the outcome of another
Independence
This Type of Bias
A researcher wants to know what proportion of coffee drinkers would pay more than $5 for a coffee drink. The researcher asks the following question:
"Do you agree that $5 is way too much to pay for a simple coffee"
what is a Leading Response Bias?
This measure indicates the most value in a data set
What is the Mode?
The value of the response variable when the explanatory variable is zero
What is a Y-intercept?
Values that fall outside the overall pattern of the data
What are outliers?
A fair coin has come up “heads” 10 times in a row. The probability that the coin will come up heads on the next flip.
50%
This type of bias:
A radio station polls listeners on a controversial issue by talking to people who call in to the station
What is voluntary response bias?
The middle value when a data set is ordered from least to greatest
What is median?
The numerical measure r that measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship
What is correlation?
The third quartile minus the first quartile
What is Interquartile range?
Amy has 12 brown golf tees, 8 white golf tees, 10 red golf tees, 6 blue golf tees, and 12 green golf tees in her golf bag. If she selects one of the tees from the bag at random, the probability that she selects a tee that is not brown or blue.
30/48 or 5/8
The best way to reduce variability in an unbiased sample
What is taking a bigger sample?
As one variable increases so does the other
What is a positive correlation?
A graphical display that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables
What is a scatterplot?
Describes how a quantitative variable behaves. Generally include shape, center, spread, & unusual features.
What is distribution?
All the outcomes in common between two events compared. P(A and B)
Intersection
This type of sampling method.
Kevin takes a sample by dividing up the houses in the neighborhood by placing them randomly into 3 categories. He randomly chooses all of the houses in the 2nd category for his sample.
What is random cluster sampling?
The reason we use median rather than mean when there are outliers
What is resistance?
the change in the predicted response variable for every unit increase in the explanatory variable
What is slope?
A distribution that has a concentration of data on the upper end and the tail on the left
What is a left skewed distribution?
If the probability of landing a heads in a coin flip is 0.5 and the probability of observing a meteor hit the earth is 0.03, and these events are independent, The probability of landing a heads AND observing a meteor hit the earth.
What is 0.015?
explanation: Since the two events are independent, multiply their probabilities to get their joint probability. Multiplying the probability of the coin flip, 0.5, by the probability of a meteor, 0.03, gives a probability of 0.015.
This type of sampling method.
A study testing the effect of caffeine on mental performance invited 100 participants for an experiment. The participants were selected randomly. 25 people were selected from men who did not drink coffee. 25 were selected from women who did not drink coffee. 25 were selected from men who regularly drank coffee, and 25 from women who regularly drank coffee.
What is stratified random sampling?
The median of the stem and leaf plot
1∣1 2 3 4 5
2∣6
3∣0 1 3 8 9
What is 26?
The difference between the actual value of y and the predicted value of y for a specific x value
What is a residual?
A distribution whose shape is evenly distributed throughout the values it takes.
What is a uniform distribution?