Reformer Movements
What were the beliefs of an abolitionist?
Slavery was a national sin, that slaves should be returned to Africa. Women’s rights movement was an off-shoot of this.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807 and what was it in response to?
Forbade exports of American goods in hopes of weakening Britain and France, who had been harassing U.S. ships.
Explain how increased transportation limited sectionalism…
- With increased transportation, more regions of the country were heavily intertwined often in working relations. As a result, previously unassociated sections of the country were more actively communicating, participating in trade, and overall connecting.
Which new groups were attracted to Christianity due to the 2nd Great Awakening?
Women, African Americans, and younger generations.
explain the Missouri Compromise and its importance
-Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in order to maintain a balance between free and slave states in the Union
-36’30’ line was established to determine whether or not a new Western state can join as a free or slave state
Name three historical figures who were part of the Anti-Slavery Movement during this period.
Fredrick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, etc.
What was the Monroe Doctrine, and who was it primarily directed towards?
A warning that the U.S. would not submit to colonization efforts and would instead protect the Western Hemisphere. Primarily directed towards European nations.
Explain the influence of the steamboat.
-Allowed for travel up stream
-Made interstate commerce significantly more efficient
-Helped to cement northern industrialization
-Simply made travel and transport easier and more reliable
What were the core ideals/attractive beliefs associarted with the 2nd Great Awakening?
Universal Salvation, equality amongst all believers of God, and personal responsibility for the Fate of one’s soul.
Explain Transcendentalism
- The philosophy of transcendentalism arose in the 1830s in the eastern United States as a reaction to intellectualism. Its adherents yearned for intense spiritual experiences and sought to transcend the purely material world of reason and rationality.
What were some of the reasons for pushback against Child Labor restrictions?
They could be paid less, their smaller physiques allowed them to complete more technical/detailed work, and they were less likely to form strikes or unions.
What were the effects of the War of 1812?
Increased American Nationalism, reduced Native American presence, demonstrated U.S. war potential
How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin influence the southern economy?
- The gin transformed cotton into a profitable crop by reducing its processing time and making large-scale cultivation possible.
- Increased rates of production provided more southern motivation for Westward expansion and the increase of slavery
- The textile mills of New England and Great Britain demanded cotton, and the American South supplied it. By 1820, the United States was more than growing 30 times as much cotton as it had when Whitney invented the gin, making it the world’s leading supplier.
What were the lasting effects of the 2nd Great Awakening?
The religious moment spurred the progress of other social reforms, in turn furthering the Progressive era from many directions including politically and economically. (Evangelical influence in local elections, etc.)
explain the demise of the Federalist political party (not what lowered its influence, but what essentially eliminated the party from any national influence)
-Federalist vehemently opposed the War of 1812 and described it as ”Mr. Madison‘s War”
-They argued that the war was wrongful morally, politically, and also economically
-Federalists met at the Hartford convention to discuss their opposition of the war, and other sectionalist issues that the New Englander’s believed they were be wronged in
-This list of grievances was brought to the federal government right after the battle of New Orleans, at a time of intense patriotism. This created the large negative perspective of he Federalist Party which essentially eliminated any remaining power they maintained.
In what areas of life was temperance believed to help improve?
Family bonds, home life, personal health, economic prosperity, occupational productivity, lower poverty rates, etc.
Describe Jefferson’s management of the Louisiana Purchase and explain how this expanded federal power.
Jefferson did not discuss the purchase with Congress, and as such set a precedent for Presidential action separate from a checks and balances system.
Name 4 major technological advancements that either occurred during this time period, or we see its influence begin during this time period
(other answers may be acceptable)
Which other reform movements were affected by the 2nd Great Awakening and how?
Women - “Equality under God” gave them more influence in social circles since they were restricted from political/economic spheres
Temperance - Consumption of alcohol was a plague/evil that needed to be cured, aligns with religious idea of Salvation
Abolition - Both Equality under God as well as the newfound social influence given to women created more advocates for the movement all around
What is the importance of the election of 1800?
-Symbolized the weakening influence of the Federalist Party and the rise of Democratic Republicans
-Was also the first ever peaceful power transfer in regard to the presidency. This set the precedent for the expectation for what a change in political power should look like in the White House.
Who were some proponents of prison reform movements and why?
Educators, Christians, and other social reformers. They believed that prisoners could be reformed through hard work, reflection, and Christian teaching.
What was an argument against the Acquisition of Texas?
Fear of war with Mexico, constitutional inconsistencies, but PRIMARILY antislavery sentiment in the U.S. as the annexation would upset the balance between slave and free states.
Who invented the steel plow and what was its importance?
John Deere invented the steel plow in order to break up soil and make the land more efficient for farming.
Which other movement could the 2nd Great Awakening be considered an “Anti” to? In other words, what are the opposing ideals to the 2nd GA?
The Enlightenment, which was more science-based and rooted in logic rather than religion.
What was Jacksonian Democracy?
-The ideals of civil liberties and democracy being spread throughout America, specifically towards the more common white man. (White Male Suffrage)
-Jacksonian Democracy was also intensly in support of the concept of Manifest Destiny and the expansion of the United States’ influence in North America