Dr. Arthur's 1
The concept of career maturity is of primary importance to the theory of:
a. decision-making.
b. structural-interactive.
c. career development assessment and counseling.
d. trait-factor.
c. career development assessment and counseling. Career development assessment and counseling, C-DAC, is the final name change for Donald Super’s theory previously identified as life span-life space.
(Objective A.)
The National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee was formed in 1976 to provide:
a. state career information systems.
b. up-to-date job listings in each state.
c. assistance for displaced workers.
d. store user information.
a. state career information systems.
(Objective E.)
Question 4-11:
Frank Parsons' three-step model of career counseling relied heavily on:
a. psychometrics for analysis.
b. goal-setting.
c. the self-actualization process.
d. character analysis.
d. character analysis. Parsons relied heavily upon the case study process of social work to secure information regarding the true character of a person. This information enabled Parsons to gain a clear understanding of an individual's aptitudes and abilities. Parsons recognized that psychometric techniques in existence were not sophisticated; he therefore relied on "character analysis."
Question 4-16:
Tiedeman and O'Hara believed that individuals process through seven steps in career development and decision-making. According to these decision-making career theorists an individual who begins to see patterns, connections, or can order relevant information about a career decision would be at which step of this process?
a. exploration
b. crystallization
c. choice
d. clarification
b. crystallization
Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice
a. based on cognitive-behavioral therapy
b. based on a model of strict operant conditioning
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
d. based on the work of Pavlov
(p. 327)
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
The American clinical psychologist Anne Roe was one of the first individuals to suggest a theory of career choice based heavily on personality theory. Some exams refer to Roe's work as the "person-environment" theory. The theory is primarily psychoanalytic, though it also draws on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Roe's major propositions are that needs which are satisfied do not become unconscious motivators; that higher-order needs will disappear even if they are rarely satisfied, but lower-order needs (such as safety) will be the major concern; and that needs which are satisfied after a long delay will become unconscious motivators. Roe emphasized that early child-rearing practices influence later career choices since a job is a major source of gratification for an unconscious need.
P.S. If you answered "d", salivate and crack open your old career counseling text! You're rusty!
State labor departments use which world of work classification system?
a. Holland Occupational Classification
b. Standard Occupational Classification
c. Dictionary of Occupational Titles
d. Standard Industrial Classification
c. Dictionary of Occupational Titles
(Objective B.)
What instrument would Structural Interactive Theory employ to assess for congruence in a person-environment fit?
a. Kuder Preference Inventory
b. Holland Occupational Code
c. Strong Interest Inventory sten.
d. stanine.
c. Strong Interest Inventory sten.
Question 4-12:
Which of the following is not a component of Trait and Factor Theory?
a. decision-making skills
b. understanding the process of career choice
c. self-awareness
d. testing
b. understanding the process of career choice
Question 4-17:
An individual assessed by the Strong Interest Inventory as high on the personality stereotype I (Investigative), would best fit in which work environment?
a. business
b. political
c. scientific
d. conventional
c. scientific
In terms of genetics, Roe's theory would assert that
a. genetics play a very minor role in career choice.
b. genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one's career choice
c. genetics are important while upbringing is not
d. genetics are important while unconscious is not
(p. 330 - Q 525)
b. genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one's career choice
Career choice is influenced by genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, interests (people/things), education, and intelligence
One of several steps in designing and implementing a career development program is to write
measurable objectives. Writing measurable objectives is important because:
a. the objectives set up the target population for services.
b. these are the means for the creation of a budget.
c. they are purposeful in hiring the correct counselor for the correct position.
d. the objectives determine the content and evaluation of the services.
d. the objectives determine the content and evaluation of the services.
(Objective C.)
Cyber counselors and cyber clients are confronted with issues not as likely or apparent as in face-to-face counseling. One of these issues has to do with:
a. training.
b. a secure environment.
c. payment.
d. homework.
b. a secure environment
(Objective G.)
Question 4-13:
Donald Super defines career maturity as a readiness to deal with developmental life tasks. He organized a model of stages and substages for the counselor's use in career counseling. Which of the following did Super identify as a substage of Exploration?
a. fantasy
b. beginning stabilization
c. interest
d. crystallization
d. crystallization. Super identified three exploration substages of implementing, specifying, and crystallizing..
Question 4-18:
A librarian at a community college has been successful in acquiring funds for the installation of a computerized career guidance program. After researching the different systems the library board along with several administrators agreed that SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER would be the most appropriate systems for purchase. Which statement below cannot be considered a true statement describing these systems?
a. DISCOVER is a system that combines career guidance and search strategies to provide users with knowledge about self-in-relation to occupational and educational knowledge. SIGI PLUS is an individualized career guidance program that teaches a user the process of career planning and decision-making strategies.
b. DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS are two of the most widely used computer-assisted career guidance systems in the United States.
c. DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS are best utilized by individuals without counselor intervention.
d. DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS are considered viable tools in the career decision-making process.
c. DISCOVER and SIGI PLUS are best utilized by individuals without counselor intervention. A major disadvantage of all computerized career guidance systems is that clients may often times not discuss findings with a counselor. As a result, there is a lack of clarification or support for decision-making when there is no counselor intervention.
Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A.A. Brill. Brill emphasized ________ as an ego defense mechanism
a. subliminal
b. sublimation
c. repression
d. rationalization
(p. 332- Q 530)
b. sublimation
Choice A is not a defense mechanism. Sublimation occurs when an individual expresses an unacceptable need in a socially acceptable manner. A person, for example, who likes to cut things up might pursue a career as a butcher or perhaps a surgeon.
Review the counseling theories and helping relationship section if you do not know the definitions of the four alternatives
A technique that will assist a career counselor in understanding the relationship between family
background, cultural prescriptions and career planning is the:
a. Psycho-drama.
b. Genogram.
c. Johari Window.
d. Karpman Triangle.
b. Genogram.
(Objective D.)
An ethical dilemma might likely occur when counselors use the Internet to:
a. deliver occupational information.
b. provide on-line databases for purposes of occupational options.
c. provide on-line searches.
d. provide counseling on-line.
d. provide counseling on-line.
(Objective G.)
Question 4-14:
John Holland's classification system (HOC) is used to stereotype individuals, occupations, and environments according to a code. Which of the following three letters illustrates the highest level of consistency?
a. RSE
b. RSC
c. SEC
d. IEC
c. SEC. Use the hexagon to determine order (adjacency)
Question 4-20:
A registered apprenticeship is a:
a. four-year commitment of working under mentorship.
b. program of study in learning one of the occupations listed in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
c. set number of hours of continuous employment and related classroom instruction.
d. program of support personnel building rapport and climate for in-service training.
a. four-year commitment of working under mentorship.
In a lifetime the average person has
a. 10 to 15 jobs
b. two jobs
c. a single job and stays with it for his or her entire life
d. about five jobs
(p. 351 - Q369)
a. 10 to 15 jobs
The actual figure is a hairline over 11 for men or women. Different sources often sport slightly different figures. Advocates of the constructivist approaches such as Savickas point to this as a sign that the old trait factor or matching where a career prescription is proposed is outdates.
Career assistance in the early history of the field of counseling and guidance was focused on job placement. At the present time placement is:
a. to focus on a singular placement.
b. a match with commerce, industry, and professions based on training in college.
c. based on a developmental perspective.
d. based on economic need.
c. based on a developmental perspective.
(Objective E.)
The goals of occupational exploration and career planning are most characteristic of which developmental group?
a. elementary students
b. junior-high-school students
c. senior-high-school students
d. post-secondary students
c. senior-high-school students. Goals for senior-high-school students tend to be those of self-knowledge, educational and occupational exploration, and career planning.
Question 4-15:
Who incorporated Maslow's eight levels of needs into a two-level approach to understanding career selection?
a. Donald Super
b. Donald Patterson
c. Edward Bordin
d. Anne Roe
d. Anne Roe. Anne Roe utilized Maslow's hierarchy of needs in developing her theory on personality and career choice.
Question 4-19:
You are an elementary counselor working with the teachers in your school on career guidance emphasizing vocational development of the life span. What would be important to emphasize in K-6?
a. an awareness of available choices and personal characteristics
b. the need for self-motivation for alertness to self-change
c. career exploration activities
d. the gap between education and work skills
a. an awareness of available choices and personal characteristics
Lifestyle includes
a. work
b. leisure
c. style of living
d. all of the above
(p. 354 - Q575)
d. all of the above
Lifestyle is a broad term which describes the overall balance of work, leisure, family, and social activities. Some exams will use the term avocational in place of the term leisure.