Signaling - Reception
What is the name of the signaling molecule that binds to the receptor?
a ligand
What is transduction?
transmitting a signal from a ligand through the cell
What is one example of cellular responses?
Gene expression
Protein synthesis
Ion diffusion
Release of chemicals
Many more
What are the three main stages of the cell cycle as a whole?
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
3. Cytokinesis
What are the three main checkpoints that regulate cell cycle?
G1, G2, and Metaphase
How do plant cells communicate through direct contact?
By using plasmodesmata
What is a secondary messenger?
molecules that relay and amplify a signal through a cell
negative feedback
In which phase of interphase is the DNA replicated?
S phase
Why is the G2 checkpoint incredibly important?
regulates cell division
What is paracrine signaling?
cells send out signaling molecules to cells nearby
What is an example of a secondary messenger we talked about in class?
cAMP
Ca2+
IP3
Sweating to return body temperature to it's normal range is an example of___.
negative feedback
In which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated?
Anaphase
What happens to the levels of cyclins throughout the cell cycle?
They rise and fall at different times
What is endocrine signaling?
cells send signals into the bloodstream to a different area of the body
What will happen if a mutation drastically changes the intracellular part of a receptor protein?
Contractions increasing in intensity during birth/labor is an example of ___.
Positive feedback
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes unravel?
Telophase
What happens when cdk binds to cyclin?
active MPF formed; mitosis is initiated
This type of receptor is predominantly used in our nervous system.
Ligand gated ion chennels
What are the two properties of ligands that bind intracellularly?
small, nonpolar
What is one cellular response that cancerous cells do not undergo?
Apoptosis or stopping cell division
What is the nondividing phase in which cells reside most of the time?
G0 phase
What type of gene is p53?
Tumor suppressor gene