Cell Structure
what kind of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?
70s ribosomes
what kind of cells are membrane-bound organelles found in
ONLY eukaryotic cells
what does LUCA mean?
Last universal common ancestor
what is the name of the cycle in which the host cell is destroyed?
lytic cycle
what is the process by which cells become specialized to carry out specific functions
differentiation
What is Cell Theory? (3 rules)
1. all living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of life
3.Cells arise from other cells
Where are bound and free ribosomes located? (two answers)
bound ribosomes- cytosolic side of rough ER
free ribosomes- cytoplasm
What gas did early earths atmosphere lack?
oxygen
what is the name of the cycle in which a virus integrates its DNA into a host cell?
Lysogenic cycle
These cells can only differentiate into their associated cell type
Unipotent stem cells
what is the theory that eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing and incorporating prokaryotic cells which then become organelles with the eukaryotic cell
Endosymbiotic theory
what is the purpose of the golgi apparatus
Sorting proteins
where was LUCA believed to have lived?
hydrothermal vents
All viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, a capsid made of proteins and few or no enzymes. unlike cells, viruses do not contain a ____ or a _____.
cytoplasm.
plasma membrane.
These stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell including placental cells
totipotent stem cells
Name the 8 processes of life
Excretion, Growth, Nutrition, Homeostasis, Response, Movement, Metabolism, Reproduction
what is the main function of the mitochondria
Aerobic cell respiration/ATP production
What kind of atmosphere did Earth have?
reducing atmosphere
Viruses are too small to be seen by light microscopy but can be viewed with an ________ microscope.
electron
These types of cells can differentiate into a few closely related types of body cells
Multipotent stem cells
What are the cell walls of a prokaryotic cell, Plant cell, and fungal cell made out of? (different for each)
Prokaryotic cell- Peptidoglycan
Plant cell- Cellulose
Fungal cell- Chitin
what is the name of a protein that brings together the cytoskeleton and other proteins needed for budding and scission of vesicles
clathrin
what is the name of the scientist who simulated earths pre-biotic atmosphere conditions to show that spontaneous formation of organic molecules could occur
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
name of the very error-prone virus which uses reverse transcriptase (Hint: HIV is this kind of virus)
Retrovirus
Describe the change in cell surface area-to-volume ratio with increasing cell diameter
the larger the cell becomes, the more the surface area-to-volume ratio reduces.