War in the Colonies/ George Washington's Mistakes
one that is associated with another as a helper; a person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity or struggle
allies
a seasoned British general but not familiar with forests of North America and fighting tactics of Native Americans; he dismissed advice of colonists and was killed during a battle near Fort Duquesne.
General Edward Braddock
What was the Treaty of Fontainebleau?
This was a treaty that made Louisiana a Spanish colony. It was signed
in November 1762.
Which country became the dominant power in North America after the French and Indian War?
The French and Indian War made Great Britain the dominant colonial power in North America.
an agreement between two nations to help each other in wartime.
alliance
a young British military officer from Virginia who attacked the French Fort Duquesne
George Washington
British Prime Minister responsible for Great Britain’s foreign affairs, sent more troops
William Pitt
Why did France offer Louisiana to Spain?
The French hoped this would encourage Spain to give France a loan, to enter the war against Great Britain, or both.
an arrangement of people or things acting as one unit
formation
the head of the government in some countries
prime minister
How did Fort Necessity’s location impact the British forces?
The fort was built on low ground that flooded during a rainstorm, soaking Washington’s troops, their guns, and their gunpowder. This helped contribute to their eventual surrender to the French.
How did the British capture the city of Quebec?
The British climbed to the top of the cliffs that ran along the city and caught the French by surprise.
a country’s dealings with other nations.
foreign affairs
a high-ranking military official
colonel
Who are the first and the second “race of white men” that Mingo refers to?
The first are the French and the second are the British
Why did tensions increase between Great Britain and France in North America? What was the effect of these growing tensions?
More British colonists moved to the French-controlled Ohio River valley. The conflict in North America expanded into a larger war on multiple continents.
What advantage did the French have over the British in North America in general?
The French had more Native American allies than the British. They did not want to displace them from their land, unlike the British.
Why were Caribbean islands so important to France?
They were the site of valuable sugar plantations that would help France recover economically.
What were the terms of the 1763 Treaty of Paris?
France gave all of Canada and the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to Great Britain, and Spain gave Florida to Great Britain. France also gave the Louisiana Territory to Spain.
Why does Mingo think the British will be as “equally generous” as the French?
He says they will have to be if they expect to “gain the affections” of the Choctaw (to cooperate with them)
What are the two names of the conflict between Great Britain and France? Why?
The conflict is known as the French and Indian War and the Seven Years’ War. The two different names reflect how the conflicts affected and were viewed by different groups of people. The American colonists were focused on fighting France and its Native American allies, while in Europe, multiple nations were involved in fighting each other on several fronts.
How did William Pitt’s view of the colonists differ from General Braddock’s?
Pitt understood that the colonists were crucial to winning the war against the French, unlike Braddock, who did not take their knowledge and abilities seriously.
Who were the Acadians, and what happened to them?
The Acadians were descendants of French people who lived in parts of Canada and what is now the state of Maine. When some of the Acadians refused to pledge loyalty to Great Britain, around ten thousand of them were forced to leave their homes. Many died during this forced migration, while others were left in unfamiliar places along the coast.
How did the French and Indian War create tensions between the British government and American colonists?
The French and Indian War was very costly for Great Britain. This led Great Britain to pass policies intended to raise funds through its American colonies.
How does Mingo view the presence of the British on their land?
He believes they are sharing their lands and that it will make it easier for the British to give the Choctaw what they want if they are living in the same place