4.1 Matter, Chemistry, Properties of Matter
To be considered as “matter” in science, it must have 2 conditions. What are they?
Needs to have mass, needs to take up physical space
A solid is anything that has a ___________ shape and a ____________ volume
definite, definite
Liquid is anything that has an ______________ shape, but has a _______________ volume
Indefinite, definite
Gas is anything that has an ________________ and ________________ volume
Indefinite, indefinite
What determines matter to change its state?
Thermal Energy
Physical Properties are _________ that can be measured or observed without ____________ the matter into something else.
traits/characteristics, changing
Describe the structure and movement of solid particles
The particles are fixed or stuck in position but they can vibrate in place
Describe the structure and movement of liquid particles
The particles are close together, but not fixed and able to move around
Describe the structure and movement of gas particles
The particles are far apart, and move rapidly/randomly in all directions
How does Thermal Energy Change the States?
Less thermal energy → Particles vibrate slower and particles stay together
More thermal energy → Particles vibrate faster, particles stay further apart
Name 3 things that are not considered matter.
Light, sound, heat, electromagnetic waves, emotions, ideas, consciousness, dreams, time, space, gravity, forces, laws
What are the two types of solids?
Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
What is Surface Tension?
The attraction of the particles in liquids to form a “surface” skin
What is Pressure? And what kind of property is it?
Pressure = Force / Area, pressure is the force exerted by gas particles over area
Units: pascals or pa (N/m^2)
What is the process of Liquid Changing to Gas, and what do you call the particular temperature at which that process happens?
Evaporation/Vaporization, boiling point
Name 3 Common Physical Properties
Color, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Hardness, Odor, Luster, Electrical Conductivity
Can you give the 2 differences between the two types of solids?
Crystalline Solids have a consistent structural pattern and melts at a particular temperature (tend to be found in nature or form naturally)
Amorphous Solids have an inconsistent structural pattern and melts in a high range of temperatures (tend to be man-made)
What is viscosity and what kind of property is it?
Viscosity is the liquid’s resistance to flowing and it is a physical property
How Does a Balloon Take its Shape When You Blow Air In it?
When you blow air inside inside, the air particles collide with the walls of the balloons
This pushes against the walls creating more pressure
Causes balloon to expand and take the shape of the sphere
What is the process of Solid Changing to Gas?
Sublimation
Name 3 Common Chemical Properties
Flammability, Toxicity, Stability, Corrosiveness, Radioactivity, Reactivity with Oxygen, Reactivity with Water
Can you give me some examples of the two types of solids?
Crystalline Solids: Ice, Salt, Snow
Amorphous Solids: Glass, Plastic, and Rubber
What affects Viscosity? How does it affect Viscosity and what exactly happens to the movement of the particles?
Temperature affects viscosity
Higher temperature decreases viscosity (atoms move faster) low viscosity = high flow
Lower temperature increases viscosity (atoms move slower) high viscosity = less flow
What happens when you heat up water with a balloon attached?
When you increase the temperature, the gas particles gain energy and they move rapidly
Faster moving particles lead to more collisions with the balloon with the walls, increasing pressure
The gas expands and takes up a larger volume, causing the balloon to expand
What is the process of Solid Changing to Liquid, and what do you call the particular temperature at which that process happens?
Melting, Melting Point