Bonding Basics
What subatomic particle is primarily responsible for forming chemical bonds?
Electrons
What is the charge of the magnesium ion (Mg) in MgCl₂?
+2
Covalent compounds __________ electrons between atoms.
Share
Which of the following best describes the luster of metals: shiny, dull, or colorless?
Shiny
What is the shape of a diatomic molecule, such as F₂ or Cl₂?
Linear
Which type of bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
Draw the Lewis structure to represent the bond that will form between Aluminum and Oxygen. Write the formula.
Al2O3
Name the compound with the formula N₂O₅.
Dinitrogen pentoxide
What happens to valence electrons in a metallic bond?
They become delocalized, forming a "sea of electrons."
Which of the following molecules is polar: CH₄, CO₂, or H₂O?
Covalent bonds only form between _____________.
Nonmetals
How do the melting points of ionic compounds compare to the melting points of covalent compounds? What structure causes this to happen?
High - due to the crystal lattice that forms in ionic compounds
Write the chemical formula for sulfur hexafluoride.
SF6
Why are metals such good conductors of heat and electricity?
The delocalized electrons are free to move and carry electric charge.
Name the shape of the CH₄ molecule.
Tetrahedral
Describe the main difference between an intramolecular force and an intermolecular force.
Intramolecular forces are bonds within a molecule (chemical bonds), while intermolecular forces occur between molecules.
Which of the following elements would most likely form an ionic bond with fluorine (F): calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), or oxygen (O)? What would the resulting formula be?
Calcium - ionic bonds form between metal ions and nonmetal ions. CaF2
Which of the following molecules contains a double bond: H₂, O₂, N₂, or F₂?
O₂
Which property of metals allows them to be drawn into thin wires without breaking?
Ductility — Delocalized electrons allow metal atoms to slide past each other, enabling the metal to be stretched into wires.
A molecule has a central atom with two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons. What is the shape of this molecule, and is it polar or nonpolar?
Shape: Bent; Polarity: Polar
Which type of bond can form between atoms of the same element, like the bonds in a diatomic molecule (ex, O₂ or N₂)?
A mystery ionic compound is composed of a +3 metal ion and a -2 nonmetal ion. Write a possible chemical formula for this compound.
Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, or Fe₂O₃, etc.
Carbon and oxygen form carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Explain why the bonding in these two molecules is different.
CO contains a triple bond between carbon and oxygen, while CO₂ contains two double bonds.
Give an example of an alloy. What elements is it made of? How does this structure help with its function?
Steel - iron and carbon, very strong and resistant to deformation. Used for building.
Brass - copper and zinc, very malleable and has good acoustic properties. Used to make instruments.
Bronze - copper and tin, resistant to corrosion. Used to make sculptures and coins.
Predict the shape and polarity of NF₃.
Shape - trigonal pyramidal
Polarity - polar