Bonding Basics
Why do elements form compounds?
To become stable.
In a covalent bond, ionic bond and metallic bond, what happens to electrons?
Covalent bond = Electrons are shared.
Ionic bond = Electrons are transferred.
Metallic bond = delocalized electrons
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the name of MgO?
Magnesium oxide
What is a polyatomic ion?
A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts as one unit and carries a charge.
What is a chemical bond?
A force or electrical attraction that holds atoms together.
What types of elements usually form an covalent bond and ionic bond?
Covalent bond = NM + NM
Ionic bond = NM + M
Metallic bond = M + M
What is the formula for magnesium chloride?
MgCl₂
What is the name of Al₂O₃?
Aluminum oxide
What ending is added to the nonmetal in a binary ionic compound?
-ide
What is the rule of zero?
In an ionic compound, the positive and negative charges must add up to zero, making the compound neutral.
What is the charge of an Cation and an anion?
Cation = loses electron --> positive
Anion = Gains electrons --> Negative
What is the formula for calcium phosphate?
Ca₃(PO₄)₂
What is the name of CaSO₄?
Calcium sulfate
What is the difference between -ate and -ite in polyatomic ions?
-ate has one more oxygen than -ite in the same polyatomic ion family.
Why are hydrogen and helium exceptions to the octet rule?
Their first energy level only needs 2 electrons to be full/stable.
Which chemical bond are able to create a lattice structure and can conduct electricity?
Metallic and Ionic Bond
What is the formula for iron (III) chloride?
FeCl₃
What is the name of CuCl₂?
Copper (II) chloride
What do Roman numerals show in transition metal compounds?
The charge of the transition metal.
How many elements are present in
5 Al₂(SO₄)₃?
Al = 10
S = 15
O = 60
Why can metals conduct electricity?
Because delocalized electrons can move through the metal.
What is the formula for vanadium (IV) Carbonate?
V(Co3)2
What is the name of Co2(CrO4)3?
Cobalt (III) Chromate
When atoms form a molecule or compound, are the electrons being shared in a covalent bond or transferred in an ionic bond?
Molecule = ___________ bond
Compound = ___________ bond
Molecule = Covalent bond
Compound = Ionic bond