Sectionalism
Who were these people: William Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, The Grimke Sisters, & Harriet Beecher Stowe
What are abolitionists?
He won the presidency without winning any Southern electoral votes, illustrating extreme geographic division and directly prompting Southern secession.
What is the election of Abraham Lincoln?
Union strategy involving a naval blockade of Southern ports, control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy, and pressure on Richmond.
What is the Anaconda Plan?
13th Amendment: Abolished slavery throughout the United States.
14th Amendment: Guaranteed equal protection under the law, citizenship rights, and due process for all born or naturalized persons.
15th Amendment: Granted voting rights (suffrage) to adult Black males.
What are the Reconstruction Amendments?
Union fort inside Confederate territory, with union soldiers. Union soldiers surrendered; led to a call for more soldiers + secession.
Established the 36° 30’ parallel as a boundary line for slavery in the Louisiana Territory, deepening regional divisions over congressional power.
What is the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
Supreme Court ruled African Americans were not citizens and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, removing geographic limits on slavery.
What is Dred Scott V. Sandford (1857)?
Declared enslaved people free in rebellious Confederate states, shifted the war’s goal to ending slavery, and allowed Black soldiers to enlist in the Union armed forces.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)?
Established by Congress to provide social services, education, food, and legal assistance to former slaves and poor whites.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
Survive, make the war too costly for the North.
What is the Southern Strategy?
California entered as a free state
New Mexico and Utah given popular sovereignty
Slave Trade was abolished in Washington DC
Established the Fugitive Slave Act
Settled a border dispute between New Mexico and Texas by allowing Texas to purchase a portion
What is the Compromise of 1850?
Convinced Southerners that Northerners actively intended to use violent means to dismantle slavery, further fracturing national unity.
What is John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)?
This battle stopped a Confederacy invasion of the North.
What is the Battle of Gettysburg (1863)?
Strict laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to limit the freedom and control the labor of African Americans.
A farmer who works a landowner's field in exchange for a portion of the crops. Many freedmen fell into a cycle of debt because of unfair contracts.
What is a Share Cropper?
Exponentially increased demand for land and enslaved labor, locking the South into a cash-crop agrarian economy.
What is the Cotton Gin?
Introduced in the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854); allowed voters in a territory to decide whether to permit slavery.
The operation broke the back of the Confederacy and helped lead to its eventual surrender and caused massive damage to infrastructure in the South.
What is Sherman's March?
Their goal was to restore white supremacy and keep African Americans from exercising their political rights. They used violence, threats, and terror, such as night rides and lynchings.
What is the KKK?
Had no problem with enslavement continuing, just didn’t want it to spread to new territories.
What is a Free Soiler?
Her book Uncle Tom's Cabin personalized the cruelties of slavery for Northern readers, driving up moral opposition.
Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
Formed by Free-Soilers, Northern Whigs, and anti-slavery Democrats with the primary core platform of stopping the expansion of slavery into western territories.
What is the Republican Party (1854)?
This battle gave the Union control over the Mississippi River.
What is the Battle of Vicksburg (1863)?
Settled the disputed 1876 presidential election by withdrawing federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction and removing federal protection for Black political rights.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
SC threatened secession over the tariffs; ended by a new compromise.
What is the Nullification Crisis?