MITOSIS
This is known as the separation of cytoplasm.
What is cytokinesis?
If abnormal cells spread from their original location and invade other tissues, it is called this.
What is a malignant tumor?
These types of cells are both diploid.
What is somatic and germ cells?
1 set of DNA is ____ and 2 sets of DNA is _______.
What is haploid and diploid?
This inheritance pattern occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote.
What is codominance?
These identical copies of a chromosome are separated during mitosis.
What are sister chromatids?
This phase involves copying every DNA molecule so that each daughter cell has a full set of genetic information.
What is S phase?
Loss of a chromosome segment.
What is deletion?
Janie carries the homozygous dominant gene for blue eyes. Blue eyes represents this.
What is a phenotype?
Sickle cell disease affects multiple body systems and is an example of this genetic concept.
What is pleiotropy?
These structures are responsible for pulling chromatids apart during anaphase.
What are spindle fibers?
This gene type helps prevent uncontrolled cell division by detecting DNA damage.
What is a tumor suppressor gene?
During this phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles.
What is anaphase I?
This will be masked/hidden by dominant allele if both are present.
What is recessive alleles?
Males are more likely to express these traits because they have only one X chromosome.
What are X-linked traits?
During this phase, the nuclear envelope begins to break down and spindle fibers form.
What is prophase?
The checkpoint that verifies if DNA replication was successful and if the environment is favorable.
What is the G2 checkpoint?
These are the structures that align during synapsis in prophase I.
What are homologous chromosomes?
side-by-side orientation of each
homologous pair of chromosomes is a matter of chance
What is independent assortment?
If a flower changes color depending on the soil’s pH, this is an example of environmental influence on what?
What is phenotype?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during mitosis can lead to this condition.
What is aneuploidy?
This is the irreversible loss of a cell's ability to divide, often associated with aging.
What is cellular senescence?
The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called this.
What is nondisjunction?
John has Hh and Mary has hh. The probability of their child being hh is what _____. hh is ______.
What is 50% and homozygous recessive?
Snapdragons showing pink flowers when red and white are crossed is an example of this pattern.
What is incomplete dominance?