Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
This meningeal layer, the outermost of the three, provides tough protection for the spinal cord
This part of the brain is responsible for coordination, balance, and fine motor control
cerebellum
these receptors detect pain from tissue damage, extreme temperatures, etc.
nocireceptors
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles and is also called the soma.
Answer: What is the cell body?
cell body
A neuron’s resting membrane potential is typically around this voltage
-70mV
This reflex, which helps maintain posture and balance, is initiated by receptors in muscles.
stretch reflex
This part of the cerebral cortex is involved in decision-making, planning, and voluntary motor control
frontal lobe
a chain of ganglia running on each side of the vertebral column. Travel to non-abdominal organs (heart, sweat glands, etc.)
sympathetic truni
This long projection transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
the axon
This neurotransmitter is released at neuromuscular junctions to stimulate muscle contraction
Acetylcholine (Ach)
This form of matter is made up of neuron cell bodies
gray matter
This cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, allowing lateral movement of the eye
abducens nerve (VI)
these detect fine touch; most abundant in the eyelids, lips, fingertips, nipples, and external genitalia
tactile corpuscles
This insulating layer, formed by Schwann cells in the PNS or oligodendrocytes in the CNS, speeds up nerve signal conduction.
myelin sheath
Channels that open or close in response to a change in the membrane potential.
voltage-gated ion channels
This spinal nerve is responsible for initiating hip adduction
obturator nerve
This structure acts as a relay station for sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
These are the five special senses
Taste, olfaction, hearing, equilibrium, and vision
These structures extend from the neuron’s cell body and receive incoming signals from other neurons.
dendrites
During repolarization, this ion flows out of the neuron, restoring the negative charge inside the cell.
potassium
Damage to the phrenic nerve, which originates from this spinal plexus, can impair breathing
cervical plexus
These are the anatomical pathways and processes involved in consciousness
sensation, perception, understanding, thinking
These are the types of tactile receptors found in the body
free nerve endings, root hair plexus nerves, tactile corpuscles, and lamellar corpuscles
these glial cells surround blood vessels of brain to maintain blood–brain barrier
astrocytes
These are the steps of neurotransmitter release
Graded potential -> summation -> Action potential -> propagation -> neurotransmitter release