Ch. 9 Physical Dev.
most common chronic childhood illness in the United States
asthma
True or false: Elementary school children who fail at school assignments that require following complex instructions and tasks with multiple steps often have limited working memories.
True
Erikson’s sense of ________ combines several developments of middle childhood: a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperative participation with agemates.
industry
Benefit of divorce mediation
increases involvement of both parents in child rearing, increases child's reported sense of wellbeing
True or false: Children whose parents restrict when, what, and how much they eat are not at risk for weight gain.
False; too many restrictions/too strict of an approach to diet/nutrition can lead children to overindulge or have trouble setting their own boundaries for eating when parents aren't around.
True or false: Most gifted children show evenly high ability across academic subjects.
False
When Erica’s best friend makes her angry, she takes a deep breath and counts to 10. Erica is using what type of coping?
emotion-centered
True or false: The best way to reduce bullying is to teach victims to fight back and retaliate with similar behaviors.
False; this can perpetuate the cycle of violence and victimization. Researchers recommend promoting prosocial attitudes and behaviors in youth environments to reduce bullying.
fine
The largest number of U.S. students designated for inclusion in classroom settings have what type of disability?
learning
True or false: Only schoolchildren in Western cultures believe that higher principles must prevail when people’s rights and welfare are at stake.
False; it's a universal trend for middle childhood to be the time that kids start viewing higher moral principles as essential for protecting people's rights and encouraging their wellbeing.
During which age range do children first include personality traits in their self-descriptions?
8-11 years
Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are ______ agile and have ____ balance.
more; better
In Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence, intelligent behavior involves balancing which 3 types of intelligences?
analytical, creative, and practical
True or false: Pride motivates children to take on further challenges, whereas guilt prompts them to strive for self-improvement.
True
Children who make _________ attributions credit their successes to their own abilities.
mastery-oriented
most effective type of intervention for treating childhood obesity
family-based approaches focused on changing weight-related behaviors
When presented with Piaget’s conservation tasks, 9-year-old Ramon demonstrates that he can think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction. Ramon understands the concept of ________.
reversibility
When Maria succeeds at a new task, the instructor for her ________ re-training says, “Your strategies worked! And you really tried hard!”
attribution
Alyssa feels comfortable and happy being a girl. This self-evaluation is an example of gender ____.
contentedness