Protein Synthesis
If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, then the corresponding anti-codon on the tRNA base sequence is... .
U-U-A
What are the base pairing rules for the two strands of DNA?
A ---- T
C---- G
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
half as many
The monomer of DNA is called.....
a nucleotide.
A set of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid found on mRNA.
a codon
What is a chain of amino acids produced by protein synthesis called?
A Polypeptide
What are the two halves of a duplicated chromosome called?
Sister chromatids
What is an example of a haploid cell?
gametes (egg and sperm)
The 3 parts of a DNA monomer are:
1. Sugar
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogen base
A ____________ is a section of DNA that codes for one protein.
gene
Where in the cell does translation occur?
At the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
What is the central dogma of genetics / biology?
DNA-->RNA--->Protein
A sperm cell of an octopus has 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that should be present in a stomach cell of the same octopus?
28
This type of bond holds the bases in the DNA together.
Hydrogen
During _____________, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to make polypeptides
translation
During protein synthesis, what does mRNA do?
It delivers DNA’s instructions for making proteins to the ribosome.
Who knows?
In which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?
prophase 1
Name two differences between RNA and DNA
RNA is single stranded and has the base Uracil.
This is located on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, and is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence
anti codon
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
The sequence of the nucleotides on a DNA molecule.
What is the diploid number of a dog if its haploid number is 39?
78
To produce gametes (egg and sperm) for sexual reproduction.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What cells are not produced during meiosis?
somatic cells