DNA Structure & Function
Protein Synthesis
Synthetic Bio/ Advances in DNA
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics
100
What two types of nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine & Cytosine Pairs with Guanine
100
Where in the cell does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
100
Define Genetic Engineering
The intentional modification of an organism's genome using biotechnology tools
100
What is the genotype for a homozygous dominant individual using the letter a?
AA
100
Name one form of non-Mendelian inheritance
Codominance, Incomplete dominance, Multiple alleles
200
Name the molecule that forms the backbone of the DNA strand alongside phosphate groups.
5-carbon sugar or deoxyribose
200
What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
200
Who is Dolly?
The first mammal cloned from an adult cell (1996)
200
Describe the following as Homozygous Dominant (HD), Homozygous Recessive (HR), or Heterozygous (HE):
rr
Rr
RR
Homozygous recessive
Heterozygous
Homozygous dominant
200
In incomplete dominance, what phenotype would RW individual show if R is red and W is white?
An intermediate phenotype (pink), a blend of red and white traits
300
DNA is made up of what?
A nucleotide (5 carbon sugar, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group)
300
Give the name for the stage in which mRNA is read to build a polypeptide
Translation
300
Give 1 potential benefit and 1 potential risk of using gene editing tools in agriculture
Benefit examples - Increased crop yields, disease resistance, cure for diseases
Risk examples - Unintended ecological effects, loss of genetic diversity, adverse health effects, designer babies
300
In complete dominance, will the following genotype show a dominant or recessive trait: rr
Recessive
300
What is the acronym to determine the gametes for a dihybrid cross and what does each letter stand for.
FOIL
First, outer, inner, last
400
What did Chargaff discover?
The base pair rule
A = T & C = G
400
A DNA coding strand has the sequence ATG GAA TCC GTT. Write the mRNA sequence produced during transcription
UAC - CUU - AGG - CAA
400
Identify two credible sources you would use to research.
Examples: peer - reviewed journals, government websites, professional organization statements
400
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes, what is the probability an offspring will be homozygous recessive?
1 out of 4 or 25%
400
Predict the phenotypic outcome of a cross between blood type A (IAi) and blood type B (IBi). What possible blood types can offspring have?
Blood types A (IAi), B (IBi), AB (IAIB), or O (ii)
500
What are the two things that describe the structure of DNA?
Double helix and a twisted ladder
500
Use the following short mRNA sequence to determine the amino acid sequence.
AUG - GGC - UAU - UAA
Met - Gly - Tyr - Stop
500
Name 2 types of Biotechnology that we talked about in class.
Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA Cloning, Human Genome Project
500
Describe the terms heterozygous and homozygous.
Homozygous - 2 of the same alleles
Heterozygous - 2 different alleles
500
Set up a dihybrid cross between parents who are both heterozygous for two traits (AaBb × AaBb). What proportion of offspring are expected to show both dominant phenotypes?
9 out of 16