Classical Conditioning
What is Classical Conditioning
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.
What is Operant Conditioning
: A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.
Extinction
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced.
What is reinforcement
unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior conditioning.
Generalization
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Reinforcement:
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of an extinguished behavior after a period of rest.
Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedule:
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses.
conditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.
Discrimination
The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement:
The presentation of a pleasant stimulus following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Generalization
The tendency to respond in similar ways to similar stimuli or situations.
Variable-Ratio (VR) Schedule
Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses.
Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR)
An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.
Aversive Conditioning
A form of conditioning in which an unpleasant stimulus is paired with an undesired behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Negative Reinforcement:
The removal of an unpleasant stimulus following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Discrimination
The ability to respond differently to stimuli that signal different consequences for behavior.
Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedule
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific amount of time has elapsed since the last reinforcement.
Extinction
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus.
Learned Taste Aversions
The tendency to avoid foods associated with illness or nausea, even if the illness is caused by factors unrelated to the food.
Punishment:
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Positive (+) Punishment:
: The presentation of an unpleasant stimulus following an undesired behavior, decreasing the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Variable-Interval (VI) Schedule:
Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed since the last reinforcement.