Cell Theory
What invention aided in the development of the cell theory?
Compound microscope
What is the type of microscope that we use in class?
Compound light microscope.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Produce cellular energy (ATP) the powerhouse of the cell!
What is the main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus while the prokaryotic cell does not.
What is the monomer and example of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide and bread/pasta.
(glucose, fructose, lactose)
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active uses energy or ATP and moves things AGAINST the concentration gradient while passive does not use energy and moves things with the concentration gradient.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water.
Why is cell theory a theory and not a law?
This is because a theory explains natural phenomena and the cell theory is still currently being researched and developed. Theories are still heavily supported by evidence, but are still being worked on!
What are the 2 types of microscopes that you can use to view living organisms?
Dissection and Compound
What is the function of the golgi body?
To package and process proteins.
List 3 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
What is the monomer of a lipid and where is it's function?
Glycerol and fatty acid and long term energy storage and insulation.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is passive transport that uses the help of proteins.
What happens to the cell in a hypotonic solution and what egg was this?
Water will go in to the cell due to their being a lower concentration of water and a higher concentration of a solute. (cell will swell and pop) This was the distilled water egg.
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
What is the difference between a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope?
In a scanning electron microscope it produces a 3D image and in transmission it produces a highly detailed 2D image.
What is the function of the lysosome?
To digest old cell parts or to fight off foreign bodies.
What types of cells have a cell wall and what is it's function?
Plant cells and prokaryotes and they provide structure and support for the cell.
Animal cells DO NOT have a cell wall!
What is the monomer of a protein and what is it's function?
Amino acid and proteins are in charge of a variety of things such as muscle building, cell repair, building tissue, growth and development, etc.
What is the difference between a channel protein and a carrier protein?
Channel proteins do not change shape while carrier proteins do.
What happens in a hypertonic solution and what egg was this represented by?
In a hypertonic solution, the water will rush out of the cell due to there being a lower concentration of water outside of the cell. (cell will shrivel) This was represented by the egg in corn syrup due to their being very little water in corn syrup.
What scientist witnessed cell division under a microscope?
Rudolf Virchow
What type of microscope would best be used for viewing the outside of a barnacle while keeping the specimen alive?
What is the function of the nucleus and what biomolecule lives there?
The nucleus contains genetic information and you will see nucleic acids there that create DNA and RNA
What are the key differences between a plant and animal cell?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts (that do photosynthesis), and a large central vacuole.
Animal cells have centrioles, small vacuoles, and no chloroplasts.
What is the monomer and function of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotide and they are in charge of storing an creating genetic information.
In osmosis water will travel from what to what concentration?
High to low (with the concentration gradient)
What is endocytosis and what is exocytosis?
Endocytosis is when the cell is taking in a substance and Exocytosis is when the cell is pushing out a substance. Both are done by creating vesicles and taking it into the cell or out.
What part of the cell theory supports the technique of using stem cells to create new tissue?
All cells come from preexisting cells.
List all 4 types of microscopes from least amount of power to highest.
Dissection, Compound, SEM, TEM
What is the function of the smooth and rough ER?
Smooth ER creates lipids, while the rough ER transports proteins (it has ribosomes on it which makes it rough)
What is the difference in vacuoles in plants and animals?
In plant cells, it is very large and takes up almost 90% of the cell and contains nutrients and water.
In animal cells, they are small and contain cell waste.
Where are all 4 biomolecules found in the cell?
Carbohydrates- Mitochondria (short term energy for the body)
Lipids- Cell membrane
Protein- Ribosomes (protein factory)
Nucleic Acids- Nucleus
List the 3 types of passive transport and the 3 types of active transport.
Passive: Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
Active: Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and the sodium potassium pump.
(water passing through pores in the cell membrane is passive transport)
What are the 3 types of proteins found in the cell membrane?
Transport proteins, marker proteins, and receptor proteins.