Economic Changes & Exchanges
This global transfer of crops, animals, and goods between the Old and New Worlds dramatically reshaped global economies.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This European power led early exploration efforts along the West African coast, establishing trading posts.
What is Portugal?
This triangular sail design allowed ships to better harness the wind and sail against it.
What is the lateen sail?
This religious order played a major role in spreading Christianity in Asia and the Americas.
Who are the Jesuits?
This deadly disease devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas after European arrival.
What is smallpox?
A mine called Potosí in the Americas became a major source of Spanish wealth and fueled global trade with the mining of this metal.
What is Silver?
This empire in the Americas was conquered by Hernán Cortés.
What is the Aztec Empire?
This ship, developed by the Portuguese, was fast, maneuverable, and ideal for exploration.
What is the caravel?
European colonization led to the creation of these racially mixed groups, especially in Latin America.
What are mestizos?
Spanish colonies in the Caribbean were primarily centered around the production of this cash crop.
What is sugar?
This economic system encouraged European nations to accumulate wealth through colonies, tariffs, and monopolies. Fixed amount of wealth in the world.
What is mercantilism?
This empire in the Americas was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.
What is the Incan Empire?
This instrument, borrowed from the Muslim world, allowed sailors to determine their latitude by the stars.
What is the astrolabe?
European colonization led to the creation of these racially "purebread" groups, in Latin America. These people were born in Europe or the Iberian Peninsula and came to America.
What are Peninsulares?
This form of labor, where workers agreed to work for a period in exchange for passage to the Americas, became common.
What is indentured servitude?
These state-sponsored companies dominated long-distance trade by controlling ports and trade routes.
What are joint-stock companies? (e.g., British East India Company, Dutch East India Company)
These Spanish monarchs funded Columbus' voyage to the New World.
Who are Ferdinand and Isabella?
Maps that improved accuracy due to new exploration data were part of this field.
What is cartography?
This system brought enslaved Africans to the Americas to work primarily on sugar plantations.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
The introduction of this animal transformed Indigenous lifestyles on the Great Plains of North America.
What is the horse?
This network linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas through the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.
What is the Atlantic Triangular Trade or Great Curcuit?
This system granted Spanish colonists the right to extract forced labor from Indigenous peoples.
What is the encomienda system?
This Chinese invention, adapted for maritime use, was crucial for navigation at sea.
What is the magnetic compass?
Blended cultural traditions, languages, and religions in the Americas are often referred to as this phenomenon.
What is syncretism?
Spanish colonial system ranking people by race/ancestry.
What is the Casta System?