Pharmacology
What is the difference between a generic name and trade name of a medication?
Generic name: official, non-trademarked name of a chemical or drug (ex. acetominophen)
Brand name: Proprietary name of a drug given by the manufacturer (ex. Tylenol)
Name one trade name for albuterol
Ventolin, ProVentil, ProAir, etc.
What is the first step of the primary assessment?
General Impression
What are the 2 types of strokes and what are their definitions?
Ischemic stroke: thrombosis or embolis travels to a cerebral artery
Hemmorrhagic stroke: bleeding inside the brain.
What are the two types of COPD?
Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis
Rank the following medication routes of administration in order of slowest to fastest rate of absorption.
IN, IV, PO, IM
PO (Per Oral), IM (Intramuscular), IN (intranasal), IV (intravenous)
What is a TIA
Ischemic stroke in which the thrombus/embolus dislodges or dissolves.
When assessing a patient with an infectious disease, what is the first action you should perform?
a. Size up the scene and take standard precautions.
b. Obtain a SAMPLE history.
c. Hand the patient off to a paramedic.
d. Cover your mouth and nose with your hand.
A
What are the two overall types of seizures?
Generalized and Partial(Focal)
Name at least 3 S/S of a pulmonary embolism?
Acute, sharp, pleuritic chest pain on inspiration.
Varying Degrees of Hypoxia
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hemoptysis
Name 2 contraindications for the administration of nitroglycerin
Patient is Hypotensive
Patient has taken erectile dysfuntion medication in the last 24 hours
Patient is allergic
etc.
What is thought to be the cause of a migraine headache?
Changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain
When checking the mentation of a patient, they are verbal on the AVPU scale. Describe what that means
They can speak but aren't fully aware of their surroundings
How long after ischemic stroke onset can clot-busting medications like tPA be given to a patient?
3 hours
How will lung sounds be different in a patient with a pleural effusion?
Quieter lung sounds on the affected side
What should an EMT do before giving a second dose of nitroglycerin to a patient?
Wait 5 minutes, Monitor Vital Signs (especially Blood Pressure), Make sure the medication is still indicated for the patient (are they still having chest pain?)
What sound might you hear from a pertussis patient upon inspiration?
"Whooping"
What does SAMPLE and OPQRST stand for?
S/S, allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last Oral intake, Events leading upto arrival on scene.
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time
Name at least 4 S/S of stroke
Facial drooping
Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, leg, or one side of body
Decreased or absent movement and sensation on one side of the body
Lack of muscle coordination (ataxia) or loss of balance
Sudden vision loss in one eye
Blurred and double vision
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
Decreased level of responsiveness
Dysphasia: Difficulty speaking
Aphasia (Broca's or Wernicke's)
Dysarthria: Slurred speech
Sudden and severe headache
Confusion
Dizziness
Weakness
Combativeness and/or Restlessness
Tongue deviation
Coma
What sounds do you hear in Croup?
"Seal bark" cough, stridor
Name six of the "9 rights" of medication administration
Right patient: Ensure patient who needs med is person who gets med.
Right medication and indication: Verify the proper medication and prescription.
Right dose: Verify the form and dose of the medication.
Right route: Verify the route of the medication.
Right time: Check the expiration date and condition of the medication.
Right education: Inform patient of the medication you intend to administer, including any likely adverse effects or unusual sensations they may experience.
Right to refuse: Patients with decision-making capacity can refuse medications.
Right response/evaluation: Monitor patient’s vital signs, mental status, perfusion, and respiratory effort after medication admin. Assess for anticipated response and observe for any adverse medication effects.
Right documentation: Document your actions, time admin and patient’s response.
Name 3 contraindications for aspirin
Hypersensitivity/Allergic, Liver Damage, Bleeding Disorder, Pt is a child, Pt has asthma
What specific PPE should you wear when treating a tubercolosis patient?
N95 or HEPA mask
What is the difference between a Focal-Onset Aware seizure and a Focal-Onset impaired awareness seizure
Focal-onset aware seizure (Simple partial):No change in the patient’s level of consciousness, May have numbness, weakness, dizziness, visual changes, or unusual smells/tastes, May have some twitching or brief paralysis, Usually lasts less than 2 minutes
Focal-onset, impaired awareness seizure (complex partial): Altered mental status, Results from abnormal discharges from the temporal lobe of the brain, Lip smacking, eye blinking, isolated jerking, Unpleasant smells, visual hallucinations, uncontrollable fear, repetitive physical behavior
Describe the sputum a severe pulmonary edema may have.
Pink Frothy Sputum