Scientist Legends
Define Chargaff’s Rule
A=T
C=G
What were the 3 reasons Mendel chose to study pea plants for genetics
They could cross pollinate, had male and female parts and could easily be made in a lab setting.
100 - The jimsonweed Datura stramonium normally has 12 chromosomes in the body cells. How many chromosomes will an egg cell of the weed have?
6
What are the three components of DNA?
Answer: A five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
What is the code for the start codon?
AUG
This scientist discovered the principle of transformation after observed that harmless bacteria became harmful when introduced with the remains of dead harmful bacteria as the genetic material was passed.
Frederick Griffith
When does the segregation of genes occur?
When the gametes are formed or during meiosis
During this stage of Meiosis, chromosomes duplicate and associate closely as sister chromatids. During the latter part of this stage, crossing-over can occur.
Prophase I
What are two main differences between RNA and DNA?
Single stranded, sugar type and uses uracil for RNA
This molecule catalyzes transcription of DNA molecules into a strand of RNA.
RNA Polymerase
Hershey and Chase sought out to prove that DNA was the genetic material behind changes in the genome. Using bacteria, they then infected the bacteria with a bacteriophage to see if DNA or Protein would be used to make new viruses. What element proved to be successful and what element did not work?
Phosphorus with DNA succeeded, sulfur with protein did not work.
300 - When gardening, supervillain Poison Ivy planted an assortment of toxic roses. She noticed that the red roses (RR) were more deadly than the white roses (rr), so she bred the red and white roses so the offspring (F1 Generation) would be red. However, to her surprise - the offspring were pink (Rr)?! What example of inheritance is this?
Incomplete Dominance
Between the two main types of mutation that we learned about in class, which would be most likely to cause larger problems for an organism, such as cystic fibrosis or developmental disorders.
Chromosomal Mutation
What is the difference between hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds connect the nitrogenous bases, and covalent bonds connect the sugar and phosphate portions of the DNA molecule.
How are the three types of RNA used in translation?
mRNA acts as the blueprint for the codons, rRNA is a part of the ribosome which helps create the protein and tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome by matching the mRNA codon.
What were the three main discoveries that Rosalind Franklin found out about DNA
Answer: DNA is a helix, has two strands, and nitrogenous bases are at the center.
This exception to the rule of Mendelian Genetics happens when a gene exists in more than two forms within a population
Multiple Alleles
What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis in the following items: the amount of daughter cells and the type of cells made?
Meiosis has 4, Mitosis has 2
Meiosis makes gametes, mitosis makes all other body cells.
These are the protective tips of eukaryotic chromosomes that are maintained by a specific enzyme adding short, repeated DNA sequences during replication
Telomeres
When a ribosome encounters one of these, protein assembly comes to a halt and whatever is coded as a protein is released?
Stop Codon
Watson and Crick built upon the rules of Rosalind Franklin’s DNA research? Why was there research a major breakthrough?
They found out that the DNA itself was a double helix, and the two strands ran in opposite directions and tightly around each other.
This Mendelian principle, often illustrated by a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in a two-factor cross, explains that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes is known as...
The principle of independent assortment
Determine the following mutations for this sequence of RNA
AUG CCU ACC UUU -> AUG CAU ACC UUU
AUG GGC ACA UUU -> AUG GGG CAC AUU U
AUG CUC UUG UUU -> AUG CCU UGU UU
Substition
Insertion
Deletion
What is the difference between replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in shape and where it starts?
Prokaryotes have a circular shape and starts at a single point, eukaryotes have a linear shape and start at multiple points.
RNA polymerase will bind to this specific part of the DNA to kickstart transcription?
Promoters