Definitions
A sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
What is insight
Who made the psychological discovery about classical conditioning, by his experiment with the dogs and salivation
Who is Ivan Pavlov
Giving a child a gold star for a job well done
What is positive reinforcement
Reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs
Continuous reinforcement
Extinction: Responding decreases when reinforcement stops
A pattern of decreased response to a stimulus after frequently repeated exposure (tune in and out)
What is habituation
Who is responsible for discovering taste aversions
John Garcia
Burning your hand when touching a hot stove
What is positive punishment
Given a burn so you don’t touch it again
Reinforces a response only after a specified/set number of responses
Fixed-ratio schedule
Generalization: The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
What is the definition of generalization for classical conditioning
A desire to perform a behavior receive promised rewards of avoid threatened punishment
What is extrinsic motivation
Who created the experiment with the Bobo doll that shows we learn by noticing
Albert Bandura
Giving someone the silent treatment because they misbehaved
What is negative punishment
Your taking away communication with them so they don’t perform that way again
Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
Variabble-ratio schedule
Basic Idea: Learning associations between events we do not control
What is the definition of basic idea in classical conditioning
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for a person's own sake
What is intrinsic motivation
Who believed that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.
Edward Thorndike
Beeping noise in your car when your seatbelt is not on
What is negative reinforcement
Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Fixed interval schedule
The difference between acquisition in classical vs. operant conditioning
What is associating events (NS+US=CS) vs. associating a response with a consequence
A procedure that teaches a complex behavior by reinforcing small steps/approximations towards completion of the behavior
What is shaping
What experiment did John Watson and Rosalie Rayner conduct that shows you can condition fears.
The "Baby Albert" Experiment
Studying to avoid a bad grade
What is negative reinforcement
Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
Variable-interval schedule
The difference between spontaneous recovery in classical vs. operant conditioning scenarios
What is the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response vs. the reappearance of an extinguished response