Classical Conditioning
What type of conditioning would explain why Mackenzie salivates whenever he hears the lunch bell?
What is Classical Conditioning
John's parents give him $5 for allowance every time he finishes doing 2 loads of laundry. This is an example of which kind of reinforcement schedule?
What is fixed ratio
Hailey has a little too much orange juice to drink on New Years and gets sick. Afterwards Hailey is unable to drink orange juice without feeling nauseous. What psychological process could account for this?
What is Classical Conditioning
A form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response.
What is latent learning.
His procedure was to make a surgical opening in a dog's cheek and insert a tube that conducted saliva away from the animal's salivary glands so that the saliva could be measured.
What is Pavlov's classic (dog) experiment?
In this classical conditioning scenario, the bell would be considered what type of stimulus?
What is the conditioned stimulus
McKinley gets paid ten dollars every day she walks her dog. This is an example of...
What is positive reinforcement.
The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
Learning that two events occur together ex. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
What is associative learning?
They deliberately established a rat phobia in an 11-month-old baby. Its main conclusion was that fear can be conditioned.
What is Watson's little Albert experiment?
In Pavlov's classical conditioning scenario, identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.
What is UCS – food, UR/CR – salivation NS/CS – bell
Jordan gets spanked by his parents for misbehaving. This is an example of...
What is positive punishment
Known for being the founder of modern behavior therapy and classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
A process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behavior of another rather than through direct experience.
What is observational learning.
He rigged the pigeon's cages so that food was delivered every 15 seconds, even if the birds didn't lift a feather. Birds, who are always in motion created a ritual that convinced them that they would get food.
What is Skinner's "superstitious" pigeons.
Quinn screams when he sees Ms. Bruce. Ms. Bruce closely resembles a vicious bald eagle. What phenomenon of classical conditioning can explain why Quinn also screams when he sees a bald eagle?
What is stimulus generalization
Gaby got pulled over for drunk driving and got her license taken away. This is an example of...
What is negative punishment
Elaborated on Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Developed behavioral technology that revealed principles of behavior control
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Mental modes of the environment's layout.
What is cognitive map.
Had temperature and humidity controls to eliminate the usual discomforts suffered by infants; heat, cold, wetness, and confinement by blankets and clothing.
What is the "Baby Box".
If a bell tone were the conditioned stimulus, _____________ would involve being able to tell the difference between the bell sound and other similar sounds.
What is discrimination
When you put your seatbelt on to get rid of the beeping noise in your car. This is an example of...
What is negative reinforcement
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal
What is shaping?
Theories that emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of others, positive consequences, and cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs.
What is social-learning theory.
Children ages 3 to 6 watched a short film of women hitting and kicking an inflatable clown. After watching the film, the children act more aggressive.
What is Albert Bandura and the Bobo doll study.
This is the initial stage in classical conditioning.
In operant conditioning, this is the strengthening of a reinforced response.
What is Acquisition?
Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
What is Law of Effect?
The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do
Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so
What are mirror neurons?
This is known as a conditioned taste aversion or distaste for a particular taste or smell that was associated with a negative reaction (such as nausea or vomiting).
What is the Garcia effect?
This effect was discovered by John Garcia while he was studying effects of radiation on mice. He noticed that rats would avoid a new food when it was initially presented around the time of radiation exposure, which causes nausea and a general feeling of sickness.