People
Sailed originally for Spain, landing in the Americas in 1492
Christopher Colombus
Millions of African slaves transported to the Americas
Trans-atlantic slave trade
movement of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds
Columbian exchange
Permanent, property form of slavery
Chattel Slavery
Colonies rely on a mother colony to survive and import
Mercantilism
Absolute Monarch of France
Louis XIV
Europe, Africa, Americas trade loop all connecting goods to one another
Triangular Trade
Dutch East India Company
Dutch control of spice trade in Indonesia
Forced labor of indigenous people
Encomienda System
Tracked stars and was used to navigate latitude
Astrolabe
First person to reach India by sailing around Africa
Vasco da Gama
New ways of thinking, powered by people like Isaac Newton
Scientific Revolution
Christianity spread widely in the Americas through ________
Missionaries
GGG
God, Gold, Glory
Business owned by shareholders
Joint-Stock Companies
Conquered the Aztec empire
Hernán Cortés
Reform in the Catholic church after the protestant reformation
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Catholic missionaries
Labor system where workers work for a set time to pay off a debt
Indentured Servitude
Social hierarchy based on race in Spanish colonies
Casta System
Conquered the Incan Empire
Francisco Pizarro
Massive Indigenous population decline
The Great Dying
Enslaved people leave and create independent communities
Maroon communities
The spread of cash crops such as
Someone of European descent born in the Americas
Creoles