Vitamins and Minerals
Are vitamins and minerals macro or micro molecules? Explain.
Micromolecules; they are needed in smaller amounts.
What process forms macromolecules?
Dehydration Synthesis (also known as condensation)
Define functional group.
Parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions.
What elements do all biomolecules have in common?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Identify the biomolecule shown.
Carbohydrate
What type of element are minerals?
Inorganic Elements
What process breaks down macromolecules?
Hydrolysis
What elements are found in an amino group?
NH2 (attached to a carbon or other variable atom)
What is the name of the monomers in carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
Identify the biomolecule shown.
Nucleic Acid.
What are the two categories of vitamins?
water soluble and fat soluble
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.
H2O is released in order for two molecules to bond.
What biomolecule has a phosphate group?
Nucleic acids.
What is the polymer name for proteins?
Polypeptides.
Identify the biomolecule(s) shown.
I: Lipid, II: Carbohydrate
List three examples of minerals and how you consume them.
Sodium - Salt, Potassium - Bananas, Spinach, Potatoes, Iodine - Iodized Table Salt
Describe the process of hydrolysis.
H2O is added to the bond between molecules in order for the molecules to break apart.
Describe the structure of a carboxyl group.
A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an OH or a combination of a carbonyl and hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon.
What are the subcategories of nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA, ATP
Identify the biomolecule(s) shown.
Both are lipids, but one represents an unsaturated fatty acid and the other represents a steroid.
What is a trace element?
An element that is typically essential to the human body but found in very small amounts.
Where does the water come from in dehydration synthesis?
In order for two molecules to bond they must free up some space to bond. This is done through the release of OH from one molecule and H from another.
Give an example of how functional groups work in the body.
Estrogen and testosterone differ only by one functional group, but their functions are different. (answers may vary)
What is a functional difference between carbohydrates and lipids?
Carbohydrates are used for short term energy storage while lipids are used for long term energy storage.
Draw a diagram of an amino acid.
Diagram must include an amine group (NH2), a carboxyl group, a R group, and a lone H all attached to the same carbon atom.