Natural Gas
This GHG associated with the extraction of natural gas has a GWP of about 24
Methane (CH4)
Most oil reserves located in (3 countries)
Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada
Highest energy grade coal to lowest energy (must be in order!)
Anthracite, Bituminous, Sub-bituminous, Lignite
This process splits a larger atomic nucleus, usually Uranium-235, into smaller nuclei, releasing a huge amount of energy.
Nuclear Fission
Excluding electricity, the list of the top four major uses of energy in the world/US (must be in order!)
Industrial, transportation, residential, commercial
Percent change formula
(New Value-Original Value)/Original Value x 100%
This extraction method produces wastewater containing salts, chemicals, and naturally occurring radioactive materials that pose a serious risk to groundwater if improperly handled.
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
Benefit of oil that makes it easy to transport
Liquid state
This cost effective, high yield method of coal mining is extremely invasive, and reclamation involves reshaping and revegetating the landscape.
Mountaintop Removal Mining
These are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of fission of the nuclear fuel
Percent of total world energy use from renewable energy sources?
about 33% or 1/3
A small city implemented a new rebate program for homeowners who installed energy-efficient appliances and insulation. In 2023, the total residential electricity consumed in the city was 12,500,000 kWh. After one year of the rebate program, the total residential electricity consumed dropped to 11,875,000 kWh. By what percent did energy use decrease?
5%
The efficiency (%) at which energy from natural gas is transmitted through the electric grid. One of the main reasons why it is touted as the "green" Fossil Fuel.
90%
Method by which crude oil is separated into gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals
Distillation (fractional distillation)
This pollutant is most commonly produced with the extraction and combustion processes of coal and can lead to respiratory issues.
Particulate Matter
This is the third step in the nuclear fuel cell cycle and refers to the process of increasing the uranium content in nuclear fuel to enhance its efficiency and safety.
Enrichment
A community is looking to upgrade the lighting in its public library to reduce electricity costs and lower its environmental footprint. They are considering replacing the existing incandescent light bulbs with new LED light bulbs. This is an example of increasing energy _____________.
efficiency
A high school is cooled by an air conditioning unit that operates with a power rating of 5,000 W. During the summer season (90 days), the unit runs for an average of 7 hours per day. If the local energy cost is $0.12 per kWh, calculate the total cost to run the AC unit for the summer
$378.00
This process is necessary for natural gas when it is shipped across oceans in specialized tankers, as it reduces its volume by about 600 times.
The model that predicts the production rate of a finite resource over time, particularly used for fossil fuels, illustrating a peak followed by a decline in production
Hubbert Curve
Four countries with the most coal reserves (must have ALL four for credit)
China, USA, Australia, Russia
The Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) is a type of nuclear reactor that converts uranium-238 into this isotope, which can then be used as fuel in nuclear power generation.
plutonium-239
the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time--otherwise-wasted heat from electricity generation is put to some productive use.
Cogeneration
Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope sometimes released during nuclear power plant accidents, and it has a relatively short half-life of 8 days. If a local farmer detects 120 grams of Iodine-131 in a sample of cow's milk immediately following an incident, how many days will it take for the amount of Iodine-131 in the milk sample to decay to just 15 grams?
24 days
This layer in a conventional oil and gas deposit traps hydrocarbons beneath it
Cap Rock
Iraq, Iran, UAE, Venezuela, and Kuwait are all members of this group (full name, not just acronym)
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
This pollutant, primarily associated with the combustion of coal, is a major contributor to the formation of acid rain
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
This type of radiation is the most dangerous when in the inhaled or ingested
Alpha Particles
A ______________ refers to the total amount of a material available for use, while a ______________ is the portion of that resource that can be economically extracted or produced at present.
Resource; reserve
The pesticide DDT is known for its long persistence in the environment. In a particular marshland, the half-life of DDT in the soil is estimated to be 15 years. A researcher initially measures 160 grams of DDT present in a soil sample. How many grams of DDT will remain in the soil sample after a period of 60 years?
10 grams