THORAX & RESPIRATORY
Ribs 1–7 are known by this term because they attach directly to the sternum.
What are vertebrosternal (true) ribs?
This heart layer is made of cardiac muscle.
What is the myocardium?
This large vein returns deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs to the heart.
What is the superior vena cava?
This digestive organ’s primary function is chemical and mechanical digestion.
What is the stomach?
These small structures receive urine directly from the renal papillae.
What are the minor calyces?
This feature marks the articulation between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
What is the sternal angle?
The pacemaker of the heart.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
This branch of the common iliac artery supplies pelvic organs.
What is the internal iliac artery?
These ducts merge to form the common hepatic duct.
What are the left and right hepatic ducts?
This internal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is involuntary
What is the internal urethral sphincter?
This nerve (C3–C5) innervates the respiratory diaphragm.
What is the phrenic nerve?
In fetal circulation, this shunt allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
The inferior mesenteric vein is part of this specialized venous circulation.
What is the hepatic portal system?
The Midgut consists of these six organs.
What are the Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, and proximal 2/3 of the Transverse Colon?
This duct drains the right head, neck, thorax, and upper limb
What is the right lymphatic duct?
This fissure is found only on the right lung.
What is the horizontal fissure?
These are the three branches off the arch of the aorta.
What are the Brachiocephalic, Left common carotid and Left subclavian.
This vessel drains nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs into the liver.
What is the hepatic portal vein?
Bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum through this anatomical opening.
What is the major duodenal papilla?
This duct drains lymph from the left thorax, left upper limb, left head/neck, and everything below the diaphragm.
What is the thoracic duct?
The diaphragm has these 3 openings to allow structures to pass from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity
What are the (Vena) Caval Foramen, Esophageal Hiatus, and the Aortic Hiatus?
This chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins
What is the left atrium?
This region of the digestive tract is drained by the inferior mesenteric vein.
What is the hindgut (distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)?
A thick band of muscle, holding the pouches of the large intestines together
What are the Tenia coli?
Starting from the renal pyramids, this is the order of urine flow within the kidney.
What is Renal Papilla--Collecting ducts--Renal papilla--Minor calyxà Major calyx--Renal pelvis