💵 Money, Meat, and Monopolies
What book exposed horrible conditions in the meatpacking industry?
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
What did the 19th Amendment guarantee?
Women’s right to vote
What were muckrakers?
Journalists who exposed corruption and social issues
What is a labor union?
An organization of workers formed to protect their rights
Who were the three Progressive Presidents?
Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson
What was “trust busting,” and which president became famous for it?
Breaking up monopolies; Theodore Roosevelt
What does the 16th Amendment allow the federal government to collect?
An income tax
This muckraker used photography and his book__________________ to show the harsh living conditions in New York City slums.
How the Other Half Lives; Jacob Riis
What is collective bargaining?
Negotiation between workers and employers for better conditions
Who won the 1912 presidential election?
Woodrow Wilson
What two laws were passed in response to The Jungle?
The Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food & Drug Act
What did the 17th Amendment change about U.S. Senators?
Allowed citizens to directly elect them
Founded by Jane Addams, this famous settlement house in Chicago provided education, childcare, and community services for immigrants and the poor.
Hull House
This 1911 tragedy in New York City killed over 140 garment workers—mostly young immigrant women—after they were locked inside during a fire. The disaster led to major workplace safety reforms and new labor laws.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Which president’s program was called the “Square Deal”?
Theodore Roosevelt
These two major laws, passed years apart, were designed to break up monopolies and regulate unfair business practices. The first one was hard to enforce, while the second strengthened it by clearly banning price-fixing and protecting labor unions.
Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts
In Iron Jawed Angels, two major suffrage leaders took very different paths to win the vote. One, Carrie Chapman Catt, led the National American Woman Suffrage Association The other, Alice Paul, led the National Woman’s Party. How did their approaches differ when it came to activism?
Carrie Chapman Catt — “Safe” suffragist (moderate)
Alice Paul — “Reckless” suffragist (radical)
What were “Progressives” trying to fix?
Problems caused by industrialization, Immigration/Urbanization, Political corruption, and inequality (The Gilded Age)
How did many business owners respond to unions? List at least 2 tactics.
They used strikebreakers (scabs), blacklists, yellow dog contracts to stop the power of unions.
In the election of 1912, Roosevelt ran under this new political party after breaking away from Taft and the Republicans.
Progressive or “Bull Moose” Party
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) establish for workers?
Minimum wage, 40-hour workweek, and age limits
What was the Declaration of Sentiments, and what famous document was it modeled after?
A women’s rights document written in 1848 at Seneca Falls, using similar language from the Declaration of Independence to demand equality.
How did the Social Gospel movement challenge Social Darwinism?
It argued society should help the poor instead of blaming them
In what way did the Pullman Strike highlight the relationship between business and government?
D) The federal government supported business interests over workers and sent troops to end the strike
How did Wilson win the electoral vote with less than 50% of the popular vote?
The split Republican vote let Wilson win most states despite minority support