Motivation
Physiological, social, cognitive and emotional
The four sources of motivation
Focuses on an individual's personal evaluation of their life satisfaction and emotional experiences.
subjective wellbeing
Participants are selected based on the researcher's accessibility to them
convenience sampling
Alter the relationship between the IV and DV, complicating results and making it difficult to determine effect of IV
Confounding variables
Collects subjective quantitative data
Likert scale
Occurs when the environment a person is in does not allow for a behaviour to be carried out competently
Amotivation
People may report being happier/more upset than they actually are; people may inaccurately recall experiences
Limitations of Diener's model of subjective wellbeing
A population is broken into subgroups based on a shared characteristic, then participants are taken from each subgroup
stratified sampling
Relates to the individual characteristics of the participant
Extraneous variable (participant effects)
Effects observed when an experimenter's expectations or behaviours bias the results of the study
Experimenter effects
Is critical in the development and use of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and occurs on a continuum
Self-determination
Ryff's measurement tool
Psychological Wellbeing Scale
Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample
random sampling
Relates to the surroundings the study takes place in
Extraneous variable (envrionment)
Cues participants perceive during a study that lead them to believe they have discovered the aim of the study = change in behaviour
Demand characteristics
Physiological, safety, love and belonging and esteem needs
Deficiency needs
‘Happiness is a process, not a place – there are always new things that give life meaning and importance…new goals that you’re going to work for that are relevant to your values'
Diener (1984)
Initial participants are recruited who recruit others who meet the criteria for the study
What is snowball sampling?
Relates to the personal characteristics, appearance and conduct of the researcher that may influence participant responses/behaviours
Extraneous variable (researcher)
Participants are unaware of whether they are in experimental or control group; researcher knows which group
Single-blind procedure
Self-actualisation, aesthetic, cognitive and self-transcendence are all examples of these
Growth needs
Method used to test subjective wellbeing
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) test
Provides highest chance of a representative sample, thus increasing generalisability of findings
A strength of stratified sampling
Type of variable that decreases validity of an experiment by influencing the DV
Extraneous variable
The test produces results that correlate with existing similar measures
Concurrent validity