Volcanoes
A wide, tall, dome-shaped volcano made from many layers of lava. Created by eruptions of very hot, liquidy lava
What is a Shield Volcano?
These often cause fires and other damage from an earthquake
What are broken gas lines and aftershocks?
Low, flat land with gently rolling hills (thick blanket of loose sediment covering crystalline rocks hundreds of feet down)
What is the Coastal Plain?
The groundwater is heated by magma underground
What are Geysers and Hot Springs?
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the Focus
What is the epicenter?
Small cones made from small rocks (cinders) thrown out of the volcano when it erupts. Usually less than 1000 ft high. Usually created by an eruption that lasts a few weeks/months and then quits for good
What is a Cinder Cone volcano?
An instrument used to measure an earthquake’s wave energy (records the time and strength of P waves and S waves)
What is a seismograph?
Eroded plateau similar to the Piedmont (most of Virginia’s coal deposits are here)
What is the Appalachian Plateau?
A deep, wide crater caused by the collapse of a stratovolcano during a huge eruption
What is a Caldera?
These waves are slower than the other type of wave and only travel through solid.
What are S waves (or secondary waves)
A tall, pointy cone made of alternating layers of ash and lava. Has a layered structure inside. The most dangerous kind of volcano due to the explosive way it often erupts
What is a Composite Volcano
The point on the fault where the movement happens
What is the focus?
Eroded plateau with long, low ridges and rounded hills (Largest province)
What is the Piedmont?
Form when lava pours out of a large crack in the Earth
What are Fissure Eruptions?
The structure of the Earth's interior
Lithosphere, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
These come out of volcanoes when they erupt
What are gases, lava and pyroclastics
Types of wave that is produced by earthquakes. These are the fastest seismic wave and arrives at a location before other seismic waves. They can travel through solid or liquid
What are P waves (or primary waves)?
The natural boundary between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont
What is the Fall Line
Feldspar is from this province
What is the Blue Ridge?
High, mountainous ridge made of granite and metamorphic rocks (Old Rag Granite is the oldest rock in the state)
What is the Blue Ridge?
Hot rock fragments and ash that come from volcanoes range in size from dust (ash) to huge chunks (boulders). (The most dangerous part of an eruption is a pyroclastic flow).
What are Pyroclastics?
Measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment
What is a Moment Magnitude Scale?
Long parallel ridges and valleys (limestone is common the the valleys and has many caverns)
What is the Valley and Ridge?
A break or crack in the earth
What is a fault?
Kyanite is from this province
What is the Piedmont?