Earth's Layers
The _________ core is mostly composed of liquids.
outer
The name for the idea of all continents once being a single large land mass is _______.
Pangaea
______ is the process where rocks change shape under stress.
Deformation
What is the difference between magma and lava?
lava is above ground, magma is below ground
The ______ is a place below the surface where the first motion of an earthquake occurs.
focus
What are the compositional layers of the Earth?
crust, mantle, core
______ boundaries form where two plates collide.
convergent
A _______ is a crack that forms when large blocks of rock break and move past one another.
fault
Describe a composite volcano.
tall, large explosions, steep mountains
The _____ is the place above the surface from which seismic waves flow outward.
epicenter
Which layer is divided into the tectonic plates?
lithosphere
_________ boundaries form where plates move past one another horizontally.
transform
____ is stress that stretches or pulls rock apart.
tension
Describe a shield volcano.
wide, broad base, not tall, small explosions
______ is the return of rock to its original form after undergoing deformation.
The movement of matter due to temperature is known as _________.
convection
Name 2 causes for the movement of the tectonic plates.
Mantle Convection, Slab Pull, Ridge Push
synclines
A _______ is an opening or depression at the top of a volcano caused by erruptions.
volcanic crater
What is the difference between body and surface waves?
Body waves travel through the Earth's interior. Surface waves only travel along the surface.
The _________ is a layer of weak or soft mantle rock.
asthenosphere
What is the main cause for the movement of the tectonic plates?
slab pull
Name the 3 types of mountains.
folded, volcanic, and fault-block
A ___ is a large basin-shaped depression formed when a magma chamber below a volcano empties, causing the roof to collapse.
caldera
What are the 4 factors that determine the effects of an earthquake?
magnitude, local geology, distance from the epicenter, and building construction