Layers of the Earth
What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
The crust
What type of rock forms from cooling and solidifying magma or lava?
Igneous rock
What is a volcano with a broad, gentle slope called?
Shield volcano
What is the theory that explains the movement of Earth's continents?
Plate tectonics/ continental drift
What process describes the movement of sediments by water, wind, ice, or gravity?
Erosion
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for generating its magnetic field?
The outer core
Name the scale used to measure mineral hardness.
Moh's Hardness Scale
Which type of eruption involves a steady flow of lava with low viscosity?
Effusive eruption
What was the name of the supercontinent?
Pangea
What is mass wasting?
The downslope movement of rock and soil due to gravity
What is the innermost layer of the Earth made primarily of?
Iron and nickel (solid inner core)
What is the term for the breakdown of rocks by physical, chemical, or biological means?
Weathering
Name a famous stratovolcano known for its explosive eruptions.
Mount Fuji or Mount St. Helens
What type of plate boundary occurs when two plates collide?
Convergent boundary
What is the name for a slope covered with loose rock material, often found at the base of cliffs?
Talus or scree slope
Name the layer that lies directly beneath the crust.
The mantle
What type of mineral has a glassy appearance, also known as "vitreous" luster?
Quartz
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A fast-moving current of hot gases and volcanic material
Name the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a continental plate.
Subduction
What is the process of sediment turning into solid rock?
Lithification
What is the primary method scientists use to study the Earth’s interior?
Seismic waves
Name two types of igneous rocks based on their formation location.
What is a lahar?
A dangerous mudflow formed from volcanic debris and water
What geological feature is created by divergent plate boundaries under the ocean?
Mid-ocean ridge
Movement of a section of a cliff along a curved plane.
What is rotational slumping.