Inca and Aztec
Which empire ruled in southern Mexico?
The Aztec
How did the Columbian Exchange impact the Americas?
Many deaths due to disease, access to new foods and animals
What were the major goals of mercantilism?
Maximize national wealth, ensure balance of trade
Between 1500 and 1850, the majority of slave ships sailed under what country's flag?
The Portuguese
What goods did the Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean?
Luxury goods like ivory, spices, and gold
In the Inca government, who held the most power?
The emperor (Sapa Inca)
The mita and encomienda for mining and hacienda for plantation agriculture are examples of...
Spanish resource extraction/labor systems
What are two examples of joint-stock companies that were founded in the early 1600s?
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the English East India Company (EIC)
What part of Africa were most enslaved people taken from?
West-Central Africa
Portugal's ________ included fortified ports along the coasts of Africa, India, and Indonesia
Trading-post empire
What was the name of the Aztec capital built in a lake?
Tenochtitlan
What type(s) of labor did the Spanish and Portuguese colonial economies rely upon?
Forced labor and slave labor
What is an example of a mercantilist economic policy?
Exporting more than you import, acquiring natural resources from colonies, selling manufactured products to colonies, taking actions to maximize national wealth
The majority of slaves were forced to work on sugar plantations in what regions of the Americas?
The Caribbean and Brazil
What role(s) did Christianity play in European imperialism in Asia?
What factors enabled the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and the Inca?
Diseases, technological advantages
What is the name of the social hierarchy in the Americas that was based on race and place of birth?
The Casta system
What is an example of an economic policy that would challenge or go against mercantilism?
A country importing more than it exports, a country not maximizing its national wealth, colonies establishing domestic production of manufactured goods or refusing to export raw materials
What was the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, passing legal abolition in 1888?
Brazil
How did European imperialism impact Asian economies?
It led to economic decline or stagnation
Who led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes
In the social hierarchy established in the Americas, what differentiated peninsulares and creoles?
Peninsulares were born in Spain, Creoles were born in the colonies, both were white
What was the shared founding goal of the British and Dutch East India Companies?
To control and monopolize the Indian Ocean spice trade
What European intellectual movement, which included ideas about equality and justice, contributed to the abolition of slavery?
How did Portuguese imperialism change maritime trade in the Indian Ocean?
Limited opportunities for Muslim traders, killed and imprisoned Muslim traders, established ports and coastal forts, undermined authority of rulers in Asia, brought significant wealth to Portugal