Social Psychology
What is attribution in psychology?
The process of explaining behaviors
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Describe the facial feedback hypothesis.
Facial expressions influence emotions
Differentiate between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.
intrinsic - internal reward; extrinsic- external reward
What does an I/O psychologist study?
Workplace psychology
Define dispositional attribution and situational attribution.
Dispositional= internal traits; Situational= external factors
Explain the difference between optimistic and pessimistic explanatory styles.
Optimists- good outcomes expected, pessimists- bad outcomes expected
How do display rules impact emotional expression across cultures?
Cultural rules dictate emotional expression
What is sensation-seeking theory, and how does it explain personality differences?
Explains need for excitement and novelty
Define unconscious mind according to Freud.
Hidden thoughts outside our awareness that drive behavior
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Overestimating personal traits, underestimating situations in others’ behavior.
Define reciprocal determinism in social cognitive theory.
Interaction between behavior, environment, and thoughts
What are elicitors for emotional expression, and how do they vary across individuals?
Factors that trigger emotion
What role does the hypothalamus play in motivation and behavior?
Regulates hunger
Compare individualism and collectivism in cultural psychology.
Individualism- personal goals; collectivism= group goals
What is the halo effect in social psychology?
Positive traits overshadow negative ones
How does factor analysis help in personality research?
Identifies trait clusters in questions on personality inventories
Explain the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.
Positive emotions expand thought-action repertoires
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law, and how does it relate to performance?
Optimal arousal leads to best performance
How does actor-observer bias influence our perceptions of others?
Own behavior- situational, Others’ behavior- dispositional
Define ethnocentrism and explain how it influences social perception.
Viewing one’s own culture as superior
Explain the self-actualizing tendency according to humanistic psychology.
Drive toward personal growth
What part of the brain deals with emotions?
Amgydala
Explain Lewin’s motivational conflict theory and provide an example for each type of conflict.
Approach-approach= choosing between two good options, Approach-Avoidance= one option has pros and cons, Avoidance=avoidance= choosing between two bad options
How do ghrelin and leptin regulate hunger?
Ghrelin makes you hungry, Leptin make you full