1
2
3
4
5
6
100
1. How was Lincoln able to win the election of 1860?
The more populated North voted for him and he won the electoral vote
100
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the North and South?
North: greater population, more factories, railroad mileage, Lincoln’s leadership
South: better military leaders (Lee & Jackson), strong cause of independence, possible foreign help from Britain and France.
100
Why was Antietam an important turning point?
It resulted in the end of the first Confederate invasion of the North as Lee retreated back into Virginia after losing about 25% of his army against McClellan.
100
Explain how the Battle of Chancellorsville was both a triumph and a tragedy for the Confederate Army.
It was the greatest victory of the Confederate Army, but they lost one of their best generals with the death of Stonewall Jackson.
100
Describe Sherman's March to the Sea.
Summer of 1864: Sherman’s path of destruction 40 miles wide and 400 miles long mainly through Georgia.
100
What was the material cost of the war?
U.S. cost was $2 million per day for a total of $11.5 billion
C.S. cost was about $4 billion
200
2. What does secede mean?
For a state to withdraw from the Union
200
Explain the Anaconda Plan.
Step 1: Naval blockade. Step 2: Control the Mississippi River. Step 3: Divide the C.S.A. in two. Step 4: Chew up the pieces (destroy what remains of the C.S. Army).
200
How did Lincoln use Antietam as a political opportunity?
He issued the Emancipation Proclamation
200
Describe the leadership of Stonewall Jackson.
He was fearless in battle and was very aggressive and successful. He did not fear death.
200
How did Grant plan to win the war in 1864-65?
A war of attrition: wear down Lee’s Army by constant fighting with no breaks or retreats.
200
What is the 13th Amendment?
Abolished slavery
300
3. Why did South Carolina and the Deep South secede?
Lincoln was elected president
300
Who won the First Battle of Bull Run? What nickname did Gen. Jackson receive in this battle?
The Confederates won on 21 July 1861. “Stonewall” Jackson.
300
Explain the Emancipation Proclamation.
As of 1 January 1863, all slaves in Confederate territories not under Union control would be free. It actually freed very few slaves, but was an important symbolic step by Lincoln.
300
How did Gen. Lee capitalize on his victory at Chancellorsville?
He launched the second Confederate invasion of the North
300
What is a war of attrition?
Wear down the enemy though constant combat
300
Describe Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction
1. Pardon Confederate soldiers. 2. Once 10% of a state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S., a new state government could be elected. 3. The new state government had to adopt the 13th Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.
400
4. What new nation was formed out of the U.S.A. by the southern states?
The Confederate States of America
400
How did the North and South name their battles?
North: nearest water body or river
South: nearest city or town
400
Who commanded the U.S. Army at Fredericksburg in Dec. 1862?
Gen. Ambrose Burnside
400
What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg?
1-3 July 1863: Lee’s Army attacked the U.S. Army under Gen. Meade in three phases and lost the battle with the failure of Pickett’s Charge. Lee retreated back to VA.
400
Describe the Battle of the Crater.
30 July 1864: Union Army tunneled under the C.S. Army’s trenches at Petersburg and blew up a section of them with gunpowder. U.S. troops ran down into the crater and were slaughtered by surviving Confederates. Black troops were bypassed for the attack even though they were better trained.
400
Who assassinated President Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth
500
5. What were the causes of the Civil War? When did the Civil War begin?
Slavery, secession, and the attack on Fort Sumter. 12 April 1861 Fort Sumter.
500
How did technology change warfare during the Civil War?
Rifles and the use of minie balls resulted in high casualties. Iron clad ships were the forerunners of modern battleships.
500
What mistake did the U.S. Army make at Fredericksburg?
It attacked the Confederate Army which was protected by a stonewall and lost 7,000 men in 20 minutes.
500
What fatal mistake did Lee make at Gettysburg?
He ordered Pickett’s Charge
500
What mistake did Grant make at Cold Harbor?
He ordered a frontal attack with massive casualties on 3 June 1864
500
What were the effects of the Civil War on our nation?
Violent division which ultimately led to greater unity with the destruction of slavery and the expansion of rights to African Americans.
600
6. What happened to Fort Sumter?
The Confederates bombarded the U.S. fort for 34 hours which resulted in its surrender
600
Compare the leadership of Grant with those of his predecessors.
Grant: very effective leader with many victories. Other generals were incompetent and lost most of their battles. (McDowell, McClellan, Pope, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker)
600
How did the 54th Massachusetts Regiment shape the future of African American troops?
It proved that African Americans could fight just as bravely as white men
600
Why was 1863 such an important turning point for the U.S.?
The Union Army won two great victories: Gettysburg and Vicksburg which marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy.
600
When was Richmond captured?
2-3 April 1865 (overnight) . City was abandoned by the Confederates and set on fire.
600
Who became President after Lincoln's death?
Andrew Johnson
700
What misconception did many people have about the Civil War when it started?
The war would be very short and not much blood would be spilled
700
What happened during the Battle of Shiloh?
Battle in Tennessee from 6-7 April 1862. Grant won the battle. First big win for the Union.
700
What were copperheads?
Northern Democrats who were against the war and wanted peace
700
Why was the surrender of Vicksburg important to the North?
Step 2 of the Anaconda Plan was complete with the Union capture of the Mississippi River
700
What two reasons did Lee give for the South losing the war?
Overwhelming numbers and resources
700
What were the goals of Reconstruction?
To readmit the Confederate states to the Union, create new state governments in the South, rebuild the southern economy, and to expand and protect the rights of African Americans.
800
What was Lincoln's response to Fort Sumter?
He called for 75,000 volunteers for 90 days to invade the South
800
What did the Confederate Battle Flag, the First National, the Second National, and Third National Confederate flags look like? (be able to identify them)
800
How did Northerners react to the Draft of 1863?
There were draft riots and violent protests
800
Explain the idea of total war as demonstrated by Gen. Sherman.
Target the civilian support of the Confederacy by destroying crops, railroad lines, and southern businesses in order to weaken the C.S. Army.
800
Where and when did the Civil War end?
Appomattox Court House, VA on 9 April 1865
800
What is the 14th Amendment?
Defined citizenship and guaranteed civil rights to all citizens
900
How did Lincoln's response to Fort Sumter deepen the crisis?
His call for an invasion force resulted in the secession of the Upper South (VA, NC, TN, and Arakansas)
900
Why was McClellan an ineffective general?
He was overly cautious and missed opportunities to win the war at the Seven Days’ Battles and Antietam.
900
What new tax was introduced in the U.S. to help pay for the war?
The income tax
900
How did battlefields change in appearance in 1864?
The use of trench warfare
900
Describe the leadership of Robert E. Lee.
Military genius who won many battles in spite of overwhelming odds
900
What was the result of President Johnson's impeachment?
Congress took over Reconstruction
1000
10. Why did four more states secede following Fort Sumter's fall?
Lincoln’s call for an invasion of the South
1000
What was the result of the Battle of Second Manassas?
Confederate victory. The Union was crushed, and the army was driven back to Bull Run
The First Confederate Invasion of the North (Antietam campaign)
1000
What roles did women play in the war?
They were nurses, spies, and some even disguised themselves as men and fought.
1000
What is a Sherman Necktie?
The Union Army under Sherman bent rails which rendered Southern railroad lines unusable
1000
What was the human cost of the war?
620,000 dead (about 2% of the population)
1000
What was the sharecropping system?
Freedmen gave a share of the crop in exchange for land rent and their labor which often resulted in continuous debt and virtual enslavement.