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A 1
What were the major causes of the War of 1812?
Causes included British impressment of American sailors, interference with trade, and support for Native American resistance.
B 1
What factors contributed to the rise of the Market Revolution?
New technologies (e.g., cotton gin, mechanical reaper), improved transportation (canals, railroads), and expanded banking helped shift the U.S. from a subsistence economy to a market-based one.
C 1
What were the goals and methods of the Second Great Awakening?
It aimed to revive personal faith and moral reform, emphasizing free will and salvation through good works. It led to widespread religious enthusiasm and inspired social reform movements.
D 1
How did westward expansion and new land acquisitions increase sectional tensions?
New territories raised the question of whether slavery would expand westward, leading to heated debates like those surrounding the Missouri Compromise.
A 2
How did the “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 influence the rise of Jacksonian Democracy?
When John Quincy Adams appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State after Clay helped him win the presidency, Jackson's supporters cried foul. It fueled support for Jackson and led to the formation of the Democratic Party.
B 2
How did the Panic of 1837 reflect tensions in Jacksonian economic policy?
Jackson’s destruction of the Second Bank and use of “Specie Circular” (requiring gold/silver for land purchases) caused economic instability, leading to a major depression.
C 2
How did abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass differ in their approaches?
Garrison promoted immediate emancipation and was uncompromising, often critical of the Constitution. Douglass was also radical but advocated working within the political system to end slavery.
D 2
What is the best food?
Tacos!!!
A 3
How did the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall shape federal power?
The Marshall Court strengthened the federal government through cases like Marbury v. Madison (judicial review) and McCulloch v. Maryland (upheld federal supremacy and the national bank).
B 3
How did new transportation developments like canals and railroads affect the economy?
They lowered shipping costs, linked regional economies, and promoted westward expansion and industrial growth.
C 3
In what ways did transcendentalism challenge mainstream American culture?
It emphasized individual intuition, self-reliance, and a spiritual connection with nature, pushing back against industrialization and organized religion. Key figures included Emerson and Thoreau.
D 3
What was the impact of the invention of the cotton gin on slavery and southern society?
It revitalized slavery by making cotton extremely profitable, leading to its expansion into the Deep South and increasing Southern dependence on enslaved labor.
A 4
What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
It maintained the balance between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banned slavery north of 36°30′ in the Louisiana Territory.
B 4
How did the cotton gin and other technologies transform the Southern economy?
The cotton gin made cotton production vastly more profitable, leading to the expansion of slavery and the rise of "King Cotton" in the South.
C 4
What was the Temperance Movement?
A Christian based movement promoting absence of alcohol, initiated by women's groups.
D 4
How did Nat Turner’s Rebellion influence laws and attitudes in the South?
It led to harsher slave codes, restrictions on Black education and movement, and increased fear of slave uprisings among white Southerners.
A 5
How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency expand and limit democratic participation?
He expanded white male suffrage and portrayed himself as a “common man,” but limited democracy by ignoring Native American rights and using the spoils system to reward loyalists.
B 5
What was the role of the American System in shaping U.S. economic development?
Proposed by Henry Clay, it promoted a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements to unify and strengthen the U.S. economy.
C 5
What role did women play in antebellum reform movements?
Women were key leaders in reform movements, including temperance, education, and abolition. Many began to advocate for their own rights, culminating in the Seneca Falls Convention (1848).
D 5
What were the major causes of increased immigration in the 1840s, and how did native-born Americans respond?
Irish and German immigrants came due to famine and political unrest. Native-born Americans responded with nativism, forming groups like the Know-Nothing Party, which opposed immigration and Catholic influence.