American Revolution
5.6 This 1781 battle in Virginia marked the last major conflict of the American Revolution, where General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.
Battle of Yorktown
5.6 King of France executed during the Reign of Terror.
Louis XVI
5.7 Leader of Venezuelan independence, called “The Liberator.”
Simón Bolívar
5.4 This thinker wrote about natural rights: “life, liberty, and property.”
John Locke
🇺🇸🏹🏴
The American Revolution
6.1 This invention by James Watt provided reliable power for factories and transportation.
Steam Engine
6.2 This social problem emerged as factories relied on children for cheap labor.
Child labor
6.7 European powers wanted to expand trade with this country’s large population, hoping to sell industrial goods and gain new markets in the 19th century.
China
6.7- This 1823 U.S. policy warned European nations not to colonize or interfere in the Americas.(it was a bluff)
Monroe doctrine
5.4 Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that convinced many colonists to support independence.
Common Sense
5.6 Device used for quick executions and became a symbol of the Reign of Terror.
the guillotine
5.7 Leader who helped free southern South America, including Argentina and Chile.
José de San Martín
5.4 Famous for the idea of separation of powers in government.
Montesquieu
🇪🇨🇻🇪🇨🇴🇧🇴👨🏻
Bolivar
6.1 This steam-powered invention revolutionized transportation by allowing goods and people to move quickly over long distances on railroads.
Locomotive/ train
6.2 This major social change occurred as people moved from rural areas to cities to work in factories.
Urbanization
6.7 This war broke out in China in the mid-19th century due to British smuggling of opium and China’s attempts to stop the trade.
Opium wars
6.7 European powers colonized Africa in the 19th century largely to gain access to these valuable natural resources.
gold, diamonds, and coal
5.6 This battle convinced France to support the American colonists.
Battle of Saratoga
5.6 Document stating basic rights and freedoms in revolutionary France.
the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
5.7 First successful slave revolt that created an independent nation.
the Haitian Revolution
5.4 Defended freedom of speech and religion, often criticized organized religion.
Voltaire
🇫🇷👑💀
King Louie
6.1 These two natural resources helped Great Britain become the first industrialized nation.
Coal and Iron
6.2 This social group consisted of factory workers who labored long hours for low wages and often lived in overcrowded urban housing.
Working class
6.6 This 1857 uprising in India was sparked in part by British soldiers forcing Indians in the British military to bite rifle cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs.
The great rebellion /Indian mutiny
6.7 The partition of Africa among European powers in the late 19th century was formalized at this conference.
Berlin Conference
5.5 This 1776 document, influenced by Enlightenment ideas like natural rights and the social contract, announced the American colonies’ separation from Britain.
The Declaration of Independence
5.6 Reign of this French leader spread revolutionary ideas across Europe.
Napoleon Bonaparte
5.7 Father of Mexican Independence who led a revolt in 1810.
Miguel Hidalgo
5.4 This English philosopher argued that people are naturally selfish and need a strong government, like a monarchy, to maintain order.
Thomas Hobbes
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The French Revolution
6.1 This British movement fenced off common lands, increasing food production but pushing farmers into cities.
Enclosure movement
6.2 These harsh factory conditions led workers to organize this, in which they demanded better wages, hours, and safety.
Labor unions
6.6 This 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain resulted in the U.S. gaining territories including Guam and the Philippines.
Spanish-American war
6.7 This 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine claimed the U.S. could intervene in Latin American countries to stabilize economies and politics.
Roosevelt Corollary
5.4 In 1773, members of the Sons of Liberty protested the Tea Act by dumping crates of British tea into the harbor in this event.
The Boston Tea Party
5.6 Napoleon created this legal system that gave equality under the law for men.
the Napoleonic Code
5.7 This former enslaved leader became the key figure in the Haitian Revolution, leading enslaved people to successfully overthrow French colonial rule.
Toussaint Louverture
5.4 This Enlightenment thinker argued that government gets its power from the people and that citizens have the right to participate in making laws.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
🇫🇷🩳🧍🏻🍦
Napoleon
6.1 This industry was transformed first by inventions like the Spinning Jenny and Power Loom.
Textile industry
6.2 This economic effect of the Industrial Revolution resulted from faster production and an increased supply of manufactured goods
Cheaper goods
6.6 This 1904–1905 war saw an Asian country defeat a European power, and gained control over Korea and parts of Manchuria.
Russo-Japanese war
6.7 European nations, especially Britain, used this method to control Latin American countries without direct colonization.
controlling banks and loans
5.4 This war left Britain deeply in debt, leading Parliament to tax the American colonies to help pay for its expenses.
The French and Indian War
5.6 This group made up about 97% of France’s population before the revolution, included peasants, artisans, and the middle class, and carried the heaviest tax burden.
The Third Estate
5.7 This country gained independence from Portugal in 1822 through a mostly peaceful declaration led by Pedro I, rather than a violent revolution.
Brazil
5.4 This English philosopher argued that people have natural rights and that citizens can overthrow a government that fails to protect these rights.
John Locke
🧑🏾🦱⛓️💥🏹🇫🇷
Haitian Revolution
6.1 This 1868 event marked Japan’s rapid industrialization through Westernization and government reform, and restoration of the emperor back in power.
Meiji Restoration
6.2 This negative environmental effect of the Industrial Revolution resulted from factories, coal burning, and crowded cities.
Pollution
6.7 This 1894–1895 war between China and Japan resulted in Japan gaining Taiwan and increased influence over Korea.
Sino-Japanese war
6.7 These early Dutch settlers of the Cape Colony were pushed inland by incoming British settlers during the 19th century.
Afrikaners/Boers