DNA
What is DNA's full name?
What is DNA's function?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains the instruction/genetic code needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce.
What is a cell?
The smallest basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes
The phase when the cells split into two identical cells.
Cytokinesis
What is cancer?
A disease when some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
What is RNA and it's function?
What are the three main types?
Ribonucleic Acid - Primary role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA
1. Messenger (mRNA)
2. Transfer (tRNA)
3. Ribosomal (rRNA)
What is a protein?
A string of amino acids put together in a cell's ribosome.
What is DNA's shape?
What do we call the outside strands? What do we call the middle pieces?
Double Helix
Sugar Phosphate Backbone and Nucleotides
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Which phase is split in TWO?
In the EARLY portion, chromosomes condense, the "mitotic spindle" forms, and the nucleolus disappears.
In the LATE portion, chromosomes become even more compact and are released from the nucleus. The mitotic spindle starts to "capture" the chromosomes.
Prophase (Early and Late)
What is a benign tumor?
What is a malignant tumor?
Malignant: Tumors with cells that DO move throughout the body.
What are DNA's nucleotides?
What are RNA's nucleotides?
A - T, C - G
A - U, C - G
What is an amino acid?
What is it's role?
The building blocks of proteins.
Creating the correct order/combination for proteins to carry out their intended functions.
Where is DNA stored in eukaryotic cells?
Where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic: Nucleus
Prokaryotic: Free-floating
What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?
Plant and Animal Cells
This phase is when the mitotic spindle lines the chromosomes up in the MIDDLE.
Metaphase
What are the five causes of cancer (we discussed in class)?
- Ultraviolet Rays (UV)
- X-Ray
- Genetics
- Virus
- Chemicals
What sugar is DNA made with?
What sugar is RNA made with?
Deoxyribose
Ribose
What is protein synthesis?
The process of MAKING proteins.
What is DNA replication?
Why is it important?
The process of DNA making a copy of itself during cell division.
It ensures genetic information is correctly passed on to offspring.
What is an organelle?
Give an example.
Small structures in a cell that has one or more specific jobs.
This phase is when chromosomes are pulled APART to separate ends of the cell.
Anaphase
What are the four cancer treatments (we discussed in class)?
Biopsy, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Surgery
How many strands does DNA have?
How many strands does RNA have?
RNA - 1
What is transcription?
What are the four key players in DNA replication? What do they do?
Helicase - Unzips DNA
Primase - Tells DNA Polymerase where to start and stop using RNA
DNA Polymerase - Builds new DNA
Ligase - Fills gaps in strands
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Chloroplast and Cell Wall
The phase when the mitotic spindles split and a nucleus begins to form around the newly split chromosomes.
BONUS QUESTION:
WHICH CANCER TREATMENT CAUSES HAIR LOSS?
Chemotherapy
Where is RNA stored in the cell?
Cytoplasm
What is translation?
The code carried by the Messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded/translated to create a specific polypeptide chain (protein).