Social Thinking
This bias involves overestimating personality traits and underestimating situational factors when explaining someone else's behavior.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
This is the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when they are not being held individually accountable.
What is Social Loafing?
In Freud’s theory, this is the part of the personality that represents the "executive" or mediator, operating on the Reality Principle.
What is the Ego?
This is the physiological state of "balance" or stability that the body tries to maintain (e.g., body temperature).
What is Homeostasis?
These are cultural guidelines that dictate how and when various emotions should be expressed.
What are Display Rules?
This term describes the uncomfortable mental tension felt when your actions (like cheating) don't match your beliefs (that cheating is wrong).
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
This occurs when group members suppress dissenting views to maintain harmony, often leading to poor decision-making.
What is Groupthink?
This Humanistic concept, championed by Carl Rogers, involves an attitude of total acceptance toward another person regardless of their flaws.
What is Unconditional Positive Regard?
This hunger-triggering hormone is secreted by an empty stomach and sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain.
What is Ghrelin?
This hypothesis suggests that the act of smiling can actually make you feel happier.
What is the Facial-Feedback Hypothesis?
This effect explains why we tend to develop a preference for people or things simply because we see them frequently.
What is the Mere Exposure Effect?
This process describes how an audience can improve our performance on easy tasks but impair our performance on difficult ones.
What is Social Facilitation (or Social Inhibition)?
Albert Bandura used this term to describe the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.
What is Reciprocal Determinism?
This law states that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point; too much arousal decreases performance.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
List the three distinct components of an emotion as defined in your slides
What are Physiological Arousal, Expressive Behaviors, and Conscious Experience?
According to the "ABCs" of attitudes, these are the three specific components that make up our evaluation of an object or person.
What are Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive?
This psychological state involves a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster anonymity.
What is Deindividuation?
This statistical procedure is used by trait theorists to identify clusters of test items that tap into basic components of personality.
What is Factor Analysis?
This type of motivation refers to doing an activity for its own inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence or reward.
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
This theory by Barbara Fredrickson suggests that positive emotions expand our awareness and help us build personal resources.
What is the Broaden-and-Build Theory?
This phenomenon occurs when a person’s expectation about someone else actually leads that person to act in ways that confirm the expectation.
What is a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
This theory suggests that we evaluate our own abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others, either "upward" or "downward."
What is Social Comparison Theory?
Name at least four of the "Big Five" personality traits included in the OCEAN acronym.
What are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism?
This motivational conflict occurs when you must choose between two attractive options, such as being accepted to two of your favorite colleges.
What is an Approach-Approach Conflict?
While individualistic cultures encourage open emotional expression, these types of cultures often encourage suppression to maintain group harmony.
What are Collectivist Cultures?