Geography
What body of water lies east of mainland Greece and separated Greece from Asia?
Aegean Sea
Define "polis" and say the name of two Polis in Greece.
Name for Greek City-State. Athens & Sparta
Name the two city-states that fought against each other in the Peloponnesian War.
Sparta & Athens
Where was Macedonia located in relation to the Balkan Peninsula?
North of the Balkan Peninsula
Name one Greek scientist and one field he influenced.
Archimedes — physics/engineering
Name the peninsula where Sparta was located.
Peloponnesian Peninsula
Contrast oligarchy and direct democracy with one example of a city-state for each.
Democracy=Athens
Identify two outcomes or long-term effects of the Peloponnesian War on Greek city-states.
Athens and Sparta were divided. Set the tone for Macedonia to conquer Athens and Sparta.
Name one major region Alexander the Great conquered outside the Greek city-states.
Persia (the Persian Empire), Egypt, parts of western India.
What are the three classical Greek column styles and give one distinctive feature of each?
Doric (plain top), Ionic (scroll/volute), Corinthian (elaborate acanthus design).
Explain one reason mountains affected the development of independent city-states in Greece.
Less land for agriculture
Who were considered citizens in most Greek city-states, and list two duties those citizens had?
Men
Vote, serve in government, serve in military, and participate in public debates.
Give one Athenian victories against Persia that helped secure Greek control of the Aegean Sea.
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Salamis
Define "Hellenistic" culture.
Hellenistic = blend of Greek and other cultures after Alexander's conquests.
Identify two literary contributions from ancient Greece and their authors or forms.
Iliad and Odyssey (Homer) — epic poetry; development of theater (tragedy and comedy).
What is Asia Minor called in modern geography (country)?
Turkey
Name both Tyrants in Athens
Draco & Solon
Explain how the Persian Wars temporarily affected relations between Athens and Sparta.
Persian Wars united Athens and Sparta as allies against Persia.
Give one example of cultural diffusion that resulted from Alexander’s conquests.
Greek art, language, government ideas spreading into Egypt and Near East; local traditions blending with Greek (e.g., Greek-style cities, syncretic religion).
Explain the significance of historians like Herodotus to our understanding of ancient history.
Herodotus wrote detailed historical accounts, providing records and methods for later historians.
Describe two geographic features of Greece that encouraged trade and seafaring.
Peninsulas, deep bays/natural harbors; surrounding seas
Tell me how the Greek idea of citizenship differed from being a "subject" in earlier civilizations like Egypt or Mesopotamia.
In Greece, you had citizenship
Compare the alliances in the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War — who allied in each, and what was the result?
Persian Wars: Athens + Sparta vs. Persia (alliance) → Greek independence preserved. Peloponnesian War: Sparta vs. Athens → weakened both.
Assess why Greece was vulnerable to conquest by Macedonia and explain how that vulnerability helped Alexander create a large empire
Internal division, previous warfare, and weakened city-states made Greece vulnerable; Alexander capitalized on this to conquer and spread Greek culture
Discuss how Greek philosophy (name one philosopher) influenced later political thought or scientific inquiry.
Socrates/Plato/Aristotle — influenced political theory, ethics, scientific method, and logic.