Social Psych
This phenomenon occurs when individuals change their behavior to match the actions of a larger group.
What is conformity?
This type of motivation occurs when behavior is driven by external rewards like money or grades.
What is extrinsic motivation?
This personality assessment asks people to respond to ambiguous stimuli like inkblots to reveal unconscious thoughts.
What is the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
This component of emotion refers to the outward expression of feelings through facial expressions or body language.
What is expressive behavior?
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.
What is the independent variable?
This famous experiment demonstrated how ordinary people could administer what they believed were dangerous electric shocks when instructed by an authority figure.
What is the Milgram obedience experiment?
This theory proposes that physiological needs must be satisfied before higher psychological needs can be addressed.
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
This personality trait in the Big Five model refers to being organized, responsible, and dependable.
What is conscientiousness?
The brain structure heavily involved in detecting threats and generating fear responses.
What is the amygdala?
In Milgram’s obedience study, the “learner” receiving shocks was actually this type of research participant.
What is a confederate?
When people put less effort into a task because they are working in a group rather than individually, this is occurring.
What is social loafing?
According to this concept, arousal levels that are too high or too low can reduce performance.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
According to Freud, this part of personality operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.
What is the id?
This physiological response system activates during emotional arousal and prepares the body for action.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
If a study on social media use and loneliness finds that both increase together, the relationship is described using this statistical concept.
What is a positive correlation?
This psychological process explains why people are more likely to help when they are alone than when surrounded by others.
What is the bystander effect?
This motivation theory suggests that people are driven by a desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
What is drive-reduction theory?
This perspective on personality emphasizes reciprocal determinism between behavior, personal factors, and environment.
What is the social-cognitive perspective?
This concept refers to the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of others.
What is emotional intelligence?
This research method studies behavior in natural environments without manipulating variables.
What is naturalistic observation?
A basketball player performs better when a large crowd is watching the game, but a student performs worse when trying to solve a difficult problem while working with a group on a project. These opposite effects of the presence of others illustrate this concept in social psychology.
What is social facilitation?
A newborn baby immediately begins sucking when something touches the roof of their mouth, even though they have never learned this behavior. This example supports the motivational perspective that many behaviors are driven by inborn patterns that evolved to promote survival.
What is instinct theory?
This trait refers to emotional instability and a tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety and moodiness.
What is neuroticism?
After being cut off in traffic, a driver immediately assumes the other person is an aggressive and inconsiderate individual, leading them to feel intense anger and road rage. In reality, the other driver may simply be rushing to the hospital for an emergency. This social-cognitive bias involves overemphasizing personality traits while underestimating situational factors when explaining others’ behavior.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
When participants behave differently because they know they are being observed, this research problem may occur.
What is the Hawthorne effect?