Lesson 1: Technology
This navigational tool helped sailors find latitude using stars and has a name rooted in Latin.
Astrolabe
The Spanish Empire’s main economic goal in the Americas.
Extract silver through mining and wealth from unpaid indigenous labor
This American crop became a staple in Europe, helping to fend off famine due to ease of growth and providing of key carbohydrates. Who could imagine Ireland without these?
Potato
Spain used this system to extract labor from Indigenous people.
Great idea! Emperor Akbar the Great of Mughal India encouraged trade by lowering these on merchants.
Taxes
Mughal Indian farmers and merchants would have paid taxes to this ruler’s administration.
Emperor Akbar the Great
European maps improved thanks to this invention, which a German monk Johannes Gutenberg modeled after a wine press.
Printing Press
This small European state dominated its larger rivals such as Spain and France by taxing Indian Ocean trade through the establishment of forts.
Portugal
Benjamin Franklin praised this particular crops' ability to feed not only people, but their livestock and farm animals, stating: "...of great use both to man and beast, and may be the providence (divine saving) of many nations were they to adopt its culture.”
This Safavid Persia ruler centralized the vast wealth that silk production provided to fund his military.
Shah Abbas I
Philip II used this metal from the Americas to finance his empire in Spain.
Silver
In Tokugawa Japan, these warriors made up the military class, serving under daimyo and pledging their loyalty to the Shogun.
Samurai
This three angled innovation allowed ships to sail against the wind, no longer having to rely on changing wind patterns.
Lateen sail
This joint stock company gave the Dutch control over Asian trade.
This European import devastated Indigenous populations due to a lack of previous exposure to this part of the Colombian Exchange
Diseases (smallpox, among others)
This Mughal Indian ruler centralized tax systems under the Zabt system, standardizing tax rates across the empire for ease and equality.
Emperor Akbar the Great
Spain controlled transatlantic trade through this institution.
Casa de Contracion
In Spanish colonies, Indigenous laborers worked under this system.
Encomienda
These large cargo ships helped transport bulk goods like silver, slower and designed for large crews
Galleon
This English explorer circumnavigated (circled without landing) the globe, and later coined the phrase "Sic Parvus Magna" Latin: "Greatness from small beginnings"
Sir Francis Drake
This mineral linked the Americas, Europe, and Asia in global trade. It was NOT in 2nd place from 1450-1750!
Silver
The Ottoman Empire controlled this major trade chokepoint.
The Bosphorus Strait
Shah Abbas gave these incentives to promote silk trade.
Tax exemptions (not having to pay certain taxes)
Ottoman law required all provincial taxes to go here.
The central treasury (all collected in the same place)
Caravel
Portugal’s most famous explorer who rounded Africa’s treacherous southern tip, known as the "Cape of Good Hope".
Due to their value in the international market and ease of growth in key geographical areas, cacao, sugar, and tobacco were examples of what kind of goods? Answer is a two word phrase.
"Cash crops"
Japan’s Tokugawa shogunate enforced loyalty througha system known as "Sankin-kōtai" which forced daimyo (Japanese warlords) to do what in order to keep an eye on them and showcase loyalty to the Shogun.
Living in the capital city of Edo for alternating years with themselves and their families
Ottomans used these merchant organizations to control production.
Guilds
Ottoman sultans recruited Christian boys for service, forcing them to convert to Islam and train as the Sultan's personal guard and most elite fighting force, were known as this class.
Janissaries