Properties of Water
Water is known as this type of molecule because it has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.
Polar
What is the concentration formula?
C=n/V
When ionic compounds separate into ions in water, what is this called?
Dissociation
What are the three stoichiometry steps in solutions?
1. Convert the given solution to moles
2. Use mole ratio from balanced equation
3. Convert moles to required quantity
When an acid dissolves in water, what ion is produced that causes the solution to become acidic?
Hydrogen ion, H⁺
What are the two types of mixtures?
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
What are 3 factors that can affect the solubility of a solution?
- The nature of the solvent/solute
- Temperature
- Pressure
What are the 3 steps to find the concentration of an Ion
1. Write dissociation equation
2. Identify number of each ion formed
3. Multiply the compound’s concentration by the number of those ions
Calculate moles of Li₂CO₃ in 55.0 mL of 0.220 mol/L solution.
0.0121 mol
A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of [H+]=1.0×10−5 mol/L.
Calculate the pH.
pH = 5.00
What can polar substances dissolve?
Both polar and ionic substances
What is the concentration when 8.52 g of Na₂CrO₄ is dissolved in 225 mL of solution?
0.235 mol/L
Write the net ionic equation for the following:
Na3PO4(aq)+Fe(NO3)3(aq)→3NaNO3(aq)+FePO4(s)
Fe3+(aq)+PO43−(aq)→FePO4(s)
If 0.0240 mol Na₂CO₃ reacts completely, how many moles of HCl are required?
Na₂CO₃(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
0.0480 mol HCl
Q3. What are the 6 strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
What molecules are made up of a polar head and nonpolar tail?
Soap Molecules
What is the volume percent of a solution made by adding 38.2 mL of ethanol to enough water to make 250.0 mL of solution?
15.3 %
Write the dissociation equation for Fe(NO₃)₃(aq).
Fe(NO3)3(aq)→Fe3+(aq)+3NO3−(aq)
A chemist reacts 60.0 mL of 0.300 mol/L potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) with excess barium nitrate (Ba(NO₃)₂).
K2SO4(aq)+Ba(NO3)2(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2KNO3(aq)
Calculate the mass of BaSO₄(s) produced. (Molar mass of BaSO₄ = 233.39 g/mol)
Mass of BaSO₄ produced = 4.20 g
A base has a hydroxide ion concentration of [OH−]=4.6×10−3 mol/L.
Calculate the pH.
pH = 11.66
When water breaks down salt (NaCl), what ions do the δ⁻ oxygens face?
Na+ Ions
A 10.5 mol/L stock solution is diluted using 18.0 mL to make 1.50 L. What is the final concentration?
0.126 mol/L
A 0.220 mol/L Al(NO₃)₃ solution is made. What is the concentration of nitrate ions?
0.660 mol/L of NO₃⁻ ions.
A solution containing 50.0 mL of 0.280 mol/L aluminum nitrate, Al(NO₃)₃, is mixed with excess sodium phosphate, Na₃PO₄. The reaction is:
2Al(NO3)3(aq)+3Na3PO4(aq)→Al2(PO4)3(s)+6NaNO3(aq)
Calculate the mass of aluminum phosphate, Al₂(PO₄)₃(s), that can form. (Molar mass of Al₂(PO₄)₃ = 325.94 g/mol)
Mass = 2.28 g PbI₂
A student titrates 12.5 mL of H₃PO₄ with 37.5 mL of 0.600 mol/L KOH and reaches the endpoint.
Determine the concentration of the phosphoric acid.
H3PO4(aq)+3KOH(aq)→K3PO4(aq)+3H2O(l)
C = 0.600 mol/L