Vocabulary: Standard 2.1.2
a type of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body.
What is external fertilization?
Innate behaviors are those an animal will engage in from birth without any intervention. Learned behavior comes from the teaching of the animal's parent or through experimentation with its environment.
What is the difference between innate and learned behaviors?
the number of live births per thousand of population per year.
What is birth rate?
a variable of a system that, if subject to a small change, causes a non-negligible change in an output or other measures of the system.
What are limiting factors?
Resources needed by the individuals of a population, competition for food, water, shelter, etc., the survival, health, and reproduction of individuals will be affected if they cannot acquire the basic requirements of life.
What factors affect population size?
a behavior that an organism develops as a result of experience.
What is a learned behavior?
Some behavioral adaptations that organisms do to help ensure their survival are hibernation and migration.
What behavioral adaptations do organisms have that help ensure survival?
an unweaned child or animal.
What is the definition of suckling?
growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size.
What is exponential growth?
Exponential population growth is when resources are unlimited, populations exhibit exponential growth and in logistic growth, population expansion decreases as resources become scarce.
How does exponential growth differ from logistic growth?
the occurrence of two or more forms differently produced in the life cycle of a plant or animal usually involving the regular alternation of a sexual with an asexual generation.
What is Alteration of Generation?
Internal fertilization has the advantage of protecting the fertilized egg from dehydration on land. External fertilization reduces the likelihood that a sperm will find an egg. The low success rate of external fertilization puts animals at a reproductive disadvantage compared to internal fertilization.
What are the reproductive advantages and disadvantages of internal and external fertilization?
A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
What is tuberculosis?
the action of clearing a wide area of trees.
What is deforestation?
Fertility, migration, and urbanization affect the spread of diseases. Increased population densities and unhealthy living conditions can ease the transmission of infections. Migration may also increase vulnerability to disease.
How can a disease be a limiting factor in a population?
in which food is digested from the outside through secreting enzymes that degrade food material and then absorbed through diffusion
What is external digestion?
A structural adaptation is a change in the physical part of the organism. An example is how the organism changes their body to adapt to their environment or to avoid being preyed on.
What structural adaptations do animals and plants have for feeding, reproduction, and life on land?
An appendage is any attached outgrowth from the body of an organism. A jointed appendage means that that growth has joints in it.
what are jointed appendages?
a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills.
What is Pfiesteria?
The availability of natural resources will decrease if the population size is too large for the land. Also waste products as a result of consumption such as air and water pollutants, toxic materials and greenhouse gases can affect the environment.
How do population size, density, disease, and resource use impact the environment?
a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother's belly.
What is marsupial?
Some specific physiologic processes foster survival by helping the organism adapt to their environment and help them survive through all the dangers.
How do specific physiologic processes of transport, excretion, growth and development foster survival?
a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by elm bark beetles.
What is Dutch elm disease?
a disease that interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.
Where ecosystems are not healthy, due to a loss in biodiversity and threats such as habitat loss, climate change, pollution, or invasive species, wildlife and ecosystems are more vulnerable to emerging diseases.
How would a plant disease affect an entire ecosystem?