Enlightenment Philosophies
Which Enlightenment thinker is best known for the idea of natural rights (life, liberty, and property)?
John Locke
What was the long-term impact of the French and Indian War on relations between Britain and the colonies?
Britain’s war debt led to new taxes that angered colonists
How did the Boston Tea Party demonstrate organized colonial protest?
It was carefully planned to destroy tea but avoid injuries
What was the main purpose of Paul Revere’s midnight ride?
To warn militias that British troops were approaching
Tell me a Joke
Did it work?
How did Rousseau’s concept of the “social contract” influence colonial ideas about government?
It argued that the government must be based on the consent of the governed.
How did Pontiac’s War reflect Native American resistance to British policies?
It used coordinated attacks to resist British expansion
A form of protest where people refuse to buy goods or services.
Boycott
What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To formally declare separation and justify independence
How did the Americans win the war at the battle of yorktown?
By surrounding Cornwallis at Yorktown with Washingtons army and the French fleet, constant cannon bombardment and no chance of escape forced the British to surrender
How did Common Sense reflect Enlightenment ideas from Locke and Rousseau?
It argued that monarchy violated the natural rights of citizens
Why did colonists strongly protest the Stamp Act?
It taxed official documents without colonial representation
What role did propaganda play after the Boston Massacre?
It exaggerated the event to turn opinion against Britain
What was the main outcome of the Battle of Trenton?
The Continental Army defeated Hessian troops and gained confidence
What was the name of the continental general that tried to hand over West Point to the British?
Benedict Arnold
What is Rousseau’s idea of the “Social Contract”? What are some examples of how King George the III broke it when governing the colonists?
Government derives its powers from the consent of the governed. If a government violates the peoples natural rights, it is the job of the people to alter or abolish it.
Taxes
Boston massacre
No representation in British parliament
British occupation of Boston
What was the main effect of the Quartering Act?
Colonists had to provide housing and supplies for soldiers
formal request to someone in authority, usually written and signed by a group of people
Petition
What was the purpose of the Culper Spy Ring?
To gather intelligence on British troop movements
What is the difference between a Minuteman and a Militiamen?
Militiamen were untrained civilian soldiers who agreed to fight to protect their homes and families
Minutemen were highly trained soldiers who could be ready to fight in under a minute.
Name all enlightenment ideas and their associated philosopher.
TRIPLE POINTS
strong central government- Hobbes
natural rights - Locke
checks and balances- Montesquieu
Free speech/ religion, separation of church and state- Voltaire
Social Contract- Rousseau
Why did the Intolerable Acts unify many colonists against Britain?
They punished Massachusetts and alarmed other colonies
Explain the slogan “No Taxation Without Representation.” Why was this idea so important to the colonists?
Colonists had no legal representation in British parliament. According to the Magna Carta, the king could not tax them without proper legal representation. This justified their protests and anger with the monarchy.
What was so important about the Battle of Saratoga?
It won the support of France who sent Money and guns to the patriots
What was one major result of the Treaty of Paris (1783)?
It confirmed the Mississippi River as the western U.S. boundary