UNIT 4: THE BIOSPHERE

4.1

100

All the living things on Earth

Biosphere

200

Inorganic substances that are found in living and non-living. In living things, this will form very hard structures, such as shells, teeth, and bones

Mineral salts

300

 an important nutrient made of microscopic building blocks called amino acids

Protein

400

An organic substance found in living things. It is a fatty/ waxy organic compound that  stores energy.

Lipid

500

An organic substance that contains genetic and hereditary information, which is passed on from one generation to the next. (DNA is an example of this substance)

Nucleic Acid

4.2

100

This is an instrument that makes an enlarged image of a small object.

Microscope

200

A thin layer around the cells and some organs, which protects them and regulates the transport of substances entering and exiting the cell.

Cell membrane

300

A plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis occurs. It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Chloroplast

400

The area in a cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains different organelles.

Cytoplasm

500

membrane-bound cell organelles(mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

Mitochondria

4.3

100

 the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.

Nutrition

200

 living things that make their own food for energy from non-living substances in their environment.

Autotroph

300

 an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals.

Carnivore

400

an organism that mostly feeds on plants.

Herbivore

500

an organism that eats BOTH plants AND animals

Omnivore

4.3-continued

100

Heterotrophs are organisms that CAN'T  make their own food and so must get energy by eating plants and animals to survive.

Heterotroph

200

Heterotrophs are organisms that can't make their own food and so must get energy by eating plants and animals to survive.  It usually involves exchanging two gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide. The cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Respiration 

300

 All living organisms can detect and respond to environmental changes using their sensory receptors.

Sensitivity

400

 the process in which green plants use sunlight to make their own food. This is necessary for life on Earth. Without it there would be no green plants, and without green plants there would be no animals.

Photosynthesis

500

What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. 

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique.