Luther Leads the Reformation
What career did Luther decide to go into despite his parent's reservations
What is a teacher?
This theologian formalized his thoughts on human nature, salvation, and the idea of God in his book "Institutes of Christian Religion"
Who is John Calvin?
This person founded the Jesuits.
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
The main purpose of the inquisition.
Its main purpose was to impose religious uniformity, especially on converted Jews, Muslims, and later Protestants
Social unrest in Germany was the result of 2 things
What are
1) high taxes
2) little to no say in their government
The 2 religious causes of the Reformation
What are...
1) Some church leaders had become corrupt
2) Many people found church practices unacceptable, like selling indulgences
This denomination of Christianity believes that you are predestined to be saved.
What is Calvanism?
This monk was executed in 1498 for telling the church to melt down its silver and gold to feed the poor
Who was Girolamo Savonarola?
This happened to the Jews and Muslims if they did not agree to convert to Catholicism.
What is those Muslims and Jews who stayed were forced to live in particular parts of the city with gates closing at specific times of the evening
The French city where the Huguenots were massacred.
That is Vassy?
The 3 parts of the Edict of Worms.
What are
1) Declared Luther a heretic and outlaw
2) No one in the German Empire could give food or shelter to him
3) All his books were burned
2 examples of rules that Calvin had for the community he was living in Switzerland.
What are...
1) Anyone who preached alternative doctrines would be burned at the stake
2) No one wore bright clothes or played card games
The 3 main goals of the Jesuits
What are
1) Create schools throughout Europe
2) Convert non-Christians to Catholicism
3) Stop the spread of Protestantism
The 2 things most Europeans believed about witches.
What are
1) They roamed the land, killing cattle and children, and worked with the devil
2) Witches were also blamed if there was a bad harvest or other hardships that townspeople faced
The 3 Henrys who were competing for the French throne.
What are
1) Henry III of Valois (Catholic)
2) Henry of Navarre (Protestant)
3) Henry of Guise (Catholic)
What was the name of the friar he disagreed with? What was the church doctrine that Luther disagreed with the friar on?
Who is Johann Tetzel? What is the selling of indulgences?
The 2 core beliefs of the Anabaptists.
What are
1) Believed that adults should be rebaptized
2) Believed that church and state should be separate
This pope approved the Jesuit order and directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other abuses
Who is Pope Paul III?
The penalties for being convicted of witchcraft.
What are
1) Fines or Exile (first offense)
2) Imprisonment (repeat offense)
3) Hanging (more common in England) or strangulation/burning at the stake (Scotland)
The 4 phases of the 30 Years War
What are
1) Bohemian Phase (16118-1625)
2) Danish Phase (1625-1630)
3) Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
4) French Phase (1635-1648)
The three core values that Luther taught and believed in.
1) People could receive salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. Good works was not enough.
2) All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. The pope and the Church traditions were false authorities
3) All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible.
Name an aspect that Anglicanism, Calvinism, and Lutheranism share. Name one aspect that they do not. (Think about topics like who is saved, who runs the church in each denomination, who can interpret the bible, etc.) slide 28 in lesson 2
answers will vary
The 4 Doctrines that the Council of Trent Established.
What are
1) The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final
2) Christians need faith and good works for salvation
3) The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
4) Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but selling them was banned
3 political effects of the Catholic Reformation.
What are
1) Created a rising sense of national identity
2) The concept of separation of church and state started to developed
3) Spain and Portugal would extend their power
4) Religious conflicts spread across Europe
5) New Protestant sects started to be created
The 4 effects of the 30 Years War
1) 3-6 million lives lost
2) It marked a turning point with France becoming a dominant continental power
3) More rulers accepting religious pluralism
4) Weakened the Holy Roman Empire
5) Laid the foundation for the modern systems of European states