Maritime Empires
This country led early exploration around Africa and toward Asia. They also created trading posts/colonies along the African coast.
What is Portugal?
This navigational tool allowed sailors to determine direction using Earth’s magnetic field.
What is the magnetic compass?
The search for this motivated European maritime empires to explore new routes.
What is gold (or spices/trade routes)?
This deadly disease, brought by Europeans, devastated Indigenous American populations.
What is smallpox?
This system granted Spanish settlers land and labor from Indigenous people.
What is the encomienda system?
This European empire claimed much of the Americas, especially Central and South America, and the Philippines.
What is the Spanish Empire?
This small, fast ship developed by the Portuguese was ideal for exploration.
What is the caravel?
This company dominated spice trade in Southeast Asia using military and economic power.
What is the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?
These two animals transformed farming and transportation in the Americas.
What are the horse and the pig?
This specific type of labor system involved transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What is chattel slavery?
This maritime empire, known for powerful joint-stock companies, dominated the spice trade in Southeast Asia and controlled the Cape of Good Hope.
What is the Dutch Empire?
This triangular sail helped ships sail against the wind.
What is the lateen sail?
This empire controlled Manila, linking American silver to Asian markets.
What is the Spanish Empire?
This crop from the Americas led to population growth in Europe and China.
What is the potato?(also acceptable: maize)
This part of the Triangular Trade brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
What is the Middle Passage?
This empire’s colonies stretched along the eastern coast of North America and parts of the Caribbean and South Asia.
What is the British Empire?
This instrument helped sailors determine latitude at sea.
What is the astrolabe?
This system gave European states exclusive rights to trade in certain areas.
What are trade monopolies?
These 3 cash crops from the Americas, fueled plantation economies.
What are sugar, cotton, and tobacco?
European justification for slavery often relied on this ideology.
What is racism (or belief in white superiority)?
This French maritime empire claimed parts of Canada, the Mississippi River Valley, and Caribbean islands.
What is the French Empire?
This steering device, first used by the Chinese and later adopted by Europeans, helped ships navigate more accurately.
What is the rudder?
The British and Dutch used these types of companies to fund and manage overseas trade.
What are joint-stock companies?
The Columbian Exchange caused this major demographic shift in Europe and the Americas.
What is population increase in Europe and depopulation in the Americas?(or “massive population shifts”)
This new social class in the Americas was made up of people born of European and Indigenous ancestry.
What are mestizos?