Columbian Exchange
This American crop dramatically increased population growth in Afro-Eurasia due to its high caloric yield.
What is the potato?
This desire to spread Christianity motivated Iberian exploration.
What is missionary zeal?
This triangular sail allowed ships to tack against the wind.
What is the lateen sail?
This empire built a vast colonial system in the Americas centered on Mexico and Peru.
What is Spain?
This 16th century rebellion in Peru was led by the last Inca leader resisting Spanish rule.
Who is Tupac Amaru?
This deadly disease killed up to 90% of Indigenous populations in the Americas.
What is smallpox?
European monarchs supported exploration largely to gain this precious metal and increase national wealth.
What is gold/silver?
This navigational tool allowed sailors to determine latitude using the stars.
What is the astrolabe?
This labor system granted Spanish settlers the right to collect tribute and labor from Indigenous people.
What is the encomienda system?
This global trade network linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas through slavery and commodities.
What is the Atlantic System / Triangular Trade?
Europeans introduced these grazing animals to the Americas, transforming Indigenous hunting cultures on the plains
What are horses?
The Ottoman control of eastern Mediterranean trade pushed Europeans to search for these alternative routes.
What are sea routes to Asia?
This ship type combined European and Arab technologies and became the main vessel of Portuguese exploration.
What is the caravel?
The Portuguese established a profitable sugar colony in this South American region.
What is Brazil?
This Caribbean slave revolt (1791) eventually led to the creation of Haiti.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
Plantation economies in the Americas heavily relied on this forced labor system.
What is the Atlantic slave trade?
This economic philosophy emphasized accumulating bullion and maintaining a favorable balance of trade.
What is mercantilism?
This navigational technique involved sailing away from the coast and using Atlantic wind patterns to return to Europe from Africa.
What is volta do mar?
This joint-stock company dominated the Indian Ocean trade and colonization in Asia.
What is the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?
Enslaved Africans in Brazil formed independent communities known by this name.
What are quilombos?
This environmental exchange from the Americas became a major stimulant crop in Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
What is tobacco?
Prince Henry of this country sponsored early Atlantic exploration along Africa’s coast.
What is Portugal?
This heavily armed sailing ship allowed European states to dominate long-distance maritime trade and protect cargo from rivals and pirates.
What is the galleon?
This colonial administrative system placed Spanish officials born in Spain at the top of the social hierarchy.
What is the peninsulares system?
These independent communities formed by escaped enslaved Africans throughout the Americas resisted colonial authority and slavery.
What are maroon communities?