Motives/Technology
What were the 3 Gs that motivated European exploration
Gold, God, & Glory
The brutal system of trading African Slaves from Africa to the Americas. It changed the economy, politics, and environment. It affected Africa, Europe, and America. It implies that slaves were used for cash crops and created a whole new economy.
Transatlantic slave trade
What commodity most contributed to the import of enslaved Africans to the New World?
Sugar
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506).. sailed in 1492
Christopher Columbus
a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith
syncretism
What are TWO technological development that led to increased exploration?
Compass; Caravel; Fluyt; Cartography; Astrolabe; Lateen sail
How did the Columbian Exchange massively decrease the population in the New World?
Spread of disease (smallpox, influenza, measles, etc.)
Spanish estates (grants of land) in the Americas that were often plantations that produced cash crops such as sugar
Hacienda
Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa; he also sponsored seafaring expeditions to search for an all-water route to the east
Prince Henry the Navigator
Type of slavery that was racially motivated, brutal, and gave colonizers absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Chattel Slavery
What main item did Europeans want to get their hands on through trade with Asia?
Spices
How did the Columbian Exchange massively increase the population/life span in the Old World?
New World food crops brought to the Old World (potatoes, maize, tomatoes, beans, etc.) were nutrient dense/increase of calories
A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts; used by European rulers to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade
joint-stock company
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route for Europeans
Vasco da Gama
New World syncretic faith that combines the animist faiths of West Africa with Roman Catholic Christianity; evidence of the syncretism created when European and African beliefs merged in the Americas
Vodun/Voodoo
What was the primary reason for Europeans' desire to begin extensive maritime travel?
Find a route to/trade with Asia
What was the most important precious metal imported from the New World to Europe and what country did Europe trade with using that metal for luxury goods?
Silver ; China
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought; colonies were crucial in the accumulation of wealth
Mercantilism
17th century African queen who fought off the Portuguese colonizers by pretending to accept Christianity. As the Portuguese continued to take lands and do slave raids she partnered with their enemies, the Dutch, to continue resistance against the Portuguese
Ana Nzinga
Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century due to forced conversions of Christianity. It expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt
Pueblo Revolt
Which European nation was the first to sponsor extensive maritime travel?
Portugal
Explain the three steps of the Triangular Trade
1. Europe took manufactured goods to West Africa in exchange for slaves
2. Enslaved Africans were exchanged to the colonies for raw materials
3. Raw materials were exported to Europe to be turned into manufactured goods
Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples; practiced by Europeans (especially Portugal and the Dutch) in the Indian Ocean as they took over trade from Arab and Muslim merchants
Trading-post Empire
Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to circumnavigate (sail around the world) proving there was a Western route to Asia
Ferdinand Magellan
In Spanish & Portuguese empires of Latin America, what was the new social hierarchy that made up European settlers, imported Africans, & conquered indigenous people based on? AND name ONE group and describe what they were.
Race/skin color or Ancestry
Any of the descriptions below are accepted:
Peninsulares - Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain/Portugal)
Criollos/Creoles- Those of European descent who were born in America
Mestizos - Those of mixed European & indigenous ancestry
Mulattoes - Those of mixed European & African ancestry
Zambos- Those of mixed indigenous & African ancestry