Unit 4 Vocabulary

Judicial 1

100

Authority to hear and decide a case.

Jurisdiction

200

The authority of a court to hear a case first is called?

Original Jurisdiction

300

Group of peers that decide a case...guilty or innocent and in civil cases find in favor of one party. This group is called?

Jury

400

Court trial where a judge decides the case determining the guilt or innocence and punishment.

Bench Trial

500

The decision in a case (guilty or not guilty) is called a...

verdict

Judicial 2

100

Name of lowest federal court where most criminal and civil cases are first heard?

U.S. District Court

200

Name of mid-level courts where they determine if the lower court made a mistake.

U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals

300

Court that only hears Constitutional cases?

U.S. Supreme Court

400

A detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind a court decision.

Opinion

500

Supreme Court reviewing a law or policy to determine if it goes against the Constitution is called?

Judicial Review

Powers

100

Powers given to the federal/national government by the Constitution.

Enumerated, Delegated, or Expressed powers

200

Powers given to the States by the Constitution

Reserved Powers

300

Powers given to Congress that are not specifically stated in the Constitution but assumed under the "necessary and proper clause."

Implied Powers

400

Name given to the "Necessary and Proper" clause in the Constitution because it stretches the powers of Congress to include making almost any laws.

Elastic Clause

500

Latin wording meaning the making something illegal retroactively, after the fact. So making it illegal to cross the road at an intersection on Dec. 1st, 2024 and charging someone with it as a crime that walked across the road on Nov. 1st, 2024. This is illegal in the U.S.

Ex Post Facto law